Lessons from Japanese Imperialism

Mapping Intelligence: Photography and Topography in Strangman’s Albums

“…In Manchuria, railroad and mining development were more military and strategic than commercial. 30 In the period 1896 to 1904, Russia expanded its penetration in northeast Asia, and especially after the Boxer Uprising, Russian forces occupied Manchuria and increased their activity in Korea. 31 The Moscow agreement of 22 May 1896 between Russian ministers and Li Hongzhang, Governor-General of the Zhili Province, had established a strategic partnership between the Qing and Russian empires against a possible Japanese attack, and the Qing cemented this cooperation by granting Manchurian railway concessions to the Russo-Chinese Bank.…”