Lessons from Photoreceptors: Turning Off G-Protein Signaling in Living Cells

Burns, Marie E.; Pugh, Edward N.

doi:10.1152/physiol.00001.2010

Cited by 75 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 129 publications

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“…Another challenge still to be met is the reconstruction of the supramolecular architecture and interaction of signalling molecules in a flagellum. Such studies in other model systems such as rod photoreceptors have greatly contributed to unveil cellular strategies for signalling [32,109]. At the level of cell motility, it would be interesting to measure simultaneously the 3D flagellar shape and intracellular signals such as pH, V m , or [Ca 2+ ] i for sperm performing chemotaxis.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sperm as microswimmers – navigation and sensing at the physical limit

Kaupp

Álvarez

2016

Eur. Phys. J. Spec. Top.

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Abstract. Many cells and microorganisms have evolved a motility apparatus to explore their surroundings. For guidance, these biological microswimmers rely on physical and chemical cues that are transduced by cellular pathways into directed movement -a process called taxis. Only few biological microswimmers have been studied as detailed as sperm from sea urchins. Sperm and eggs are released into the seawater. To enhance the chances of fertilization, eggs release chemical factors -called chemoattractants -that establish a chemical gradient and, thereby, guide sperm to the egg. Sea urchin sperm constitute a unique model system for understanding cell navigation at every level: from molecules to cell behaviours. We will outline the chemotactic signalling pathway of sperm from the sea urchin Arbacia punctulata and discuss how signalling controls navigation in a chemical gradient. Finally, we discuss recent insights into sperm chemotaxis in three dimensions (3D).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sperm as microswimmers – navigation and sensing at the physical limit

Kaupp

Álvarez

2016

Eur. Phys. J. Spec. Top.

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“…These data indicate that phosphorylation of GRK1 by PKA requires AC1. Because AC1 is regulated by Ca 2ϩ /calmodulin, we speculated that its activity is influenced by the reduction in intracellular Ca 2ϩ that occurs during the photoresponse (31). This hypothesis predicts that mice null for G␣ t (Tr␣ Ϫ/Ϫ mice) would not exhibit light-dependent dephosphorylation of PKA-phosphorylated substrates because Ca 2ϩ levels in these mice do not A, mice were dark-adapted overnight, then exposed to 1,500 lux for the indicated time periods.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorylation of G Protein-coupled Receptor Kinase 1 (GRK1) Is Regulated by Light but Independent of Phototransduction in Rod Photoreceptors

Osawa

Xiong

et al. 2011

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Phosphorylation of rhodopsin by G protein-coupled receptor kinase 1 (GRK1, or rhodopsin kinase) is critical for the deactivation of the phototransduction cascade in vertebrate photoreceptors. Based on our previous studies in vitro, we predicted that Ser 21 in GRK1 would be phosphorylated by cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) in vivo. Here, we report that dark-adapted, wild-type mice demonstrate significantly elevated levels of phosphorylated GRK1 compared with light-adapted animals. Based on comparatively slow half-times for phosphorylation and dephosphorylation, phosphorylation of GRK1 by PKA is likely to be involved in light and dark adaptation. In mice missing the gene for adenylyl cyclase type 1, levels of phosphorylated GRK1 were low in retinas from both dark-and light-adapted animals. These data are consistent with reports that cAMP levels are high in the dark and low in the light and also indicate that cAMP generated by adenylyl cyclase type 1 is required for phosphorylation of GRK1 on Ser 21 . Surprisingly, dephosphorylation was induced by light in mice missing the rod transducin ␣-subunit. This result indicates that phototransduction does not play a direct role in the light-dependent dephosphorylation of GRK1.

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“…In wild type mice, rhodopsin catalytic lifetime has been estimated to be as short as 40 ms (25). However, in the ARR1 Ϫ/Ϫ rods, the light response is abnormally prolonged.…”

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confidence: 99%

Induction of the Unfolded Protein Response by Constitutive G-protein Signaling in Rod Photoreceptor Cells

Chen

2014

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Background: Excessive light exposure and genetic mutations that act as "equivalent light" cause photoreceptor cell death. Results: Prolonged transducin signaling, but not channel closure, induces endoplasmic reticulum stress. Conclusion: Induction of UPR is a distinct cell death pathway caused by transducin signaling. Significance: Manipulation of UPR may prolong photoreceptor cell survival in transducin-induced retinal light damage.

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Lessons from Photoreceptors: Turning Off G-Protein Signaling in Living Cells

Cited by 75 publications

References 129 publications

Sperm as microswimmers – navigation and sensing at the physical limit

Sperm as microswimmers – navigation and sensing at the physical limit

Phosphorylation of G Protein-coupled Receptor Kinase 1 (GRK1) Is Regulated by Light but Independent of Phototransduction in Rod Photoreceptors

Induction of the Unfolded Protein Response by Constitutive G-protein Signaling in Rod Photoreceptor Cells

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