“…It is worth considering whether a separated Universal Service Obligation for the two markets is still socially needed and economically justified. Parcu and Silvestri (2017) argued that USO standards should be regularly updated, considering both the substitutability and the complementarity between the postal delivery and the online instruments. In the Internet era, the mission of assuring to citizens an effective right to communication calls for a single, technologically neutral, universal obligation for communications services (De Streel and Peitz 2015).…”