Lessons in VCR Repair: Compliance of Android App Developers with the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA)

Abstract

The California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) provides California residents with a range of enhanced privacy protections and rights. Our research investigated the extent to which Android app developers comply with the provisions of the CCPA that require them to provide consumers with accurate privacy notices and respond to "verifiable consumer requests" (VCRs) by disclosing personal information that they have collected, used, or shared about consumers for a business or commercial purpose. We compared the actual network traffic of 109 apps that we believe must comply with the CCPA to the data that apps state they collect in their privacy policies and the data contained in responses to "right to know" requests that we submitted to the app's developers. Of the 69 app developers who substantively replied to our requests, all but one provided specific pieces of personal data (as opposed to only categorical information). However, a significant percentage of apps collected information that was not disclosed, including identifiers (55 apps, 80%), geolocation data (21 apps, 30%), and sensory data (18 apps, 26%) among other categories. We discuss improvements to the CCPA that could help app developers comply with "right to know" requests and other related regulations.

Two Steps Forward and One Step Back: The Right to Opt-out of Sale under CPRA

“…Chen et al [9] focused on the right to know and showed that even if websites are legally required under the CCPA to disclose certain data practices, variance and vagueness in definitions can lead to confusion among users. Samarin et al [28] issued access requests to mobile apps and compared the results to personal data observed through a analysis of app network traffic; they found that significant percentages of apps collected personal information that was not disclosed when users invoked their right to know.…”