“Let there be light”: the role of vitamin D in the immune response to vaccines

Sadarangani, Sapna P.; Whitaker, Jennifer A.; Poland, Gregory A.

doi:10.1586/14760584.2015.1082426

Cited by 49 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Micronutrients (vitamins A, D, and E and zinc). Vitamin D plays an important role in innate, humoral, and cellular immune responses (466). However, its role in influencing vaccine responses is not clear (466).…”

Section: Nutritional Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors That Influence the Immune Response to Vaccination

2019

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SUMMARYThere is substantial variation between individuals in the immune response to vaccination. In this review, we provide an overview of the plethora of studies that have investigated factors that influence humoral and cellular vaccine responses in humans. These include intrinsic host factors (such as age, sex, genetics, and comorbidities), perinatal factors (such as gestational age, birth weight, feeding method, and maternal factors), and extrinsic factors (such as preexisting immunity, microbiota, infections, and antibiotics). Further, environmental factors (such as geographic location, season, family size, and toxins), behavioral factors (such as smoking, alcohol consumption, exercise, and sleep), and nutritional factors (such as body mass index, micronutrients, and enteropathy) also influence how individuals respond to vaccines. Moreover, vaccine factors (such as vaccine type, product, adjuvant, and dose) and administration factors (schedule, site, route, time of vaccination, and coadministered vaccines and other drugs) are also important. An understanding of all these factors and their impacts in the design of vaccine studies and decisions on vaccination schedules offers ways to improve vaccine immunogenicity and efficacy.

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Section: Nutritional Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vitamin D plays an important role in innate, humoral, and cellular immune responses (466). However, its role in influencing vaccine responses is not clear (466). Most studies reporting on the effects of vitamin D on vaccine responses have investigated responses to TIV.…”

Section: Nutritional Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors That Influence the Immune Response to Vaccination

2019

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“…Sadarangani et al [75,78] suggest that studying the impact of VDR-related polymorphism can provide further insight into the complex interactions in the context of vaccine-induced immune response.…”

Section: Does Vitamin D Affect the Immunogenicity Of Influenza Vacmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D and Influenza—Prevention or Therapy?

Gruber-Bzura

2018

IJMS

185

168

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Vitamin D generates many extraskeletal effects due to the vitamin D receptor (VDR) which is present in most tissues throughout the body. The possible role of vitamin D in infections is implied from its impact on the innate and adaptive immune responses. A significant effect is also the suppression of inflammatory processes. Because vitamin D could be acknowledged as a “seasonal stimulus”, as defined by R. Edgar Hope-Simpson, it would be crucial to prove it from a potential easy and cheap prophylaxis or therapy support perspective as far as influenza infections are concerned. The survey of the literature data generates some controversies and doubts about the possible role of vitamin D in the prevention of influenza virus. The most important point is to realise that the broad spectrum of this vitamin’s activity does not exclude such a possibility. According to most of the authors, more randomized controlled trials with effective, large populations are needed to explore the preventive effect of vitamin D supplementation on viral influenza infections.

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“…Moreover, antigen-presenting cells as well as lymphocytes express the 1-α hydroxylase to convert serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) to its active form (1,25-dihydroxvitamine D), resulting in local intra- and paracrine actions. Studying the role of vitamin D on the functions of the immune system is an active field of research, and current knowledge indicates that vitamin D has various immunomodulatory effects, including actions on the innate immune system and orientating T-cellular immune responses towards a Th2 phenotype [3]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, in mice, administration of vitamin D as an adjuvant during vaccination has shown to increase vaccine-induced immune responses (reviewed in [3]). In humans, several studies have shown that vitamin D level or supplementation does not influence the response to influenza vaccination, including in HIV-infected persons [7–13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

No Positive Association between Vitamin D Level and Immune Responses to Hepatitis B and Streptococcus pneumoniae Vaccination in HIV-Infected Adults

et al. 2016

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ObjectiveTo assess whether higher 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels are associated with subsequent better immune responses to hepatitis B and Streptococcus pneumoniae vaccination in HIV-infected patients.Methods25OHD was measured on stored baseline plasma samples from two randomized vaccine trials in HIV-infected adults: the ANRS HB03 VIHVAC B trial and an immunological sub-study of the ANRS 114-PNEUMOVAC trial. In ANRS HB03 VIHVAC B, participants received three or four doses of recombinant HBV vaccine strategies. Anti-HBs IgG titers were measured four weeks after the last injection. Associations between baseline 25OHD levels and ordered IgG response categories were analyzed in multivariable proportional odds models. In the ANRS 114-PNEUMOVAC sub-study, two strategies of pneumococcal vaccination were tested, cellular immune responses were measured at repeated time points, and IgG responses four weeks after the last vaccine injection. Exploratory statistical analyses were performed on this sub-study data set.ResultsThree hundred and thirty-nine ANRS HB03 VIHVAC B and 25 ANRS 114-PNEUMOVAC sub-study participants were included in the analyses. Median age in each of the two studies was 43 years, 68% were male, and 77–92% on antiretroviral treatment. Median 25OHD level was 18 ng/mL (IQR: 12–25) and 24 ng/mL (IQR: 13–32) in the two trial populations, respectively. In the multivariable model, there was no significant association between baseline 25OHD level and vaccine responses in ANRS HB03 VIHVAC B (proportional odds ratio 0.83 per 10 ng/mL 25OHD increase; 95% confidence interval 0.65–1.07, p = 0.14). Exploratory analyses of ANRS 114-PNEUMOVAC showed consistent results.ConclusionThis study does not support a positive association between 25OHD and immune responses to hepatitis B or pneumococcal vaccination in HIV-infected patients.

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“Let there be light”: the role of vitamin D in the immune response to vaccines

Cited by 49 publications

References 79 publications

Factors That Influence the Immune Response to Vaccination

Factors That Influence the Immune Response to Vaccination

Vitamin D and Influenza—Prevention or Therapy?

No Positive Association between Vitamin D Level and Immune Responses to Hepatitis B and Streptococcus pneumoniae Vaccination in HIV-Infected Adults

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