Lethal and behavioral impacts of diesel and fuel oil on the Antarctic amphipod <i>Paramoera walkeri</i>

Brown, Kathryn; King, Catherine K.; Harrison, Peter Lynton

doi:10.1002/etc.3778

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 75 publications

(135 reference statements)

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“…A test duration of 10 d has previously been used in tests with Antarctic and subantarctic species (e.g., Payne et al ; Marcus Zamora et al ; Holan et al , , ), and provides a good compromise between the shortest duration required to consistently see a response, and the extended duration that is appropriate for cold‐climate species with slow metabolic rates. For some cold‐climate species, even longer test durations (up to 4 wk) have been used (e.g., Sfiligoj et al ; Brown et al ) and may have provided more sensitive results, but, to be in keeping with the premise of the rapid method, these durations were impractical and beyond the scope of our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity of a Large and Representative Sample of Antarctic Marine Invertebrates to Metals

Kefford

King

Wasley

et al. 2019

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry

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There are limited data on the sensitivity to contaminants of marine organisms in polar regions. Consequently, assessments of the risk of contaminants to marine biota in polar environments typically include extrapolations from temperate and/or tropical species. This is problematic because the taxonomic composition of organisms differs between polar and temperate/tropical waters, and both the toxicity of chemicals and the physiology of organisms are very different at the stable low temperatures experienced in polar marine systems. Collecting high‐quality sensitivity data for a wide range of marine polar organisms using traditional toxicity assessment approaches is a time‐consuming and difficult process, especially in remote and hostile environments. We applied a rapid toxicity testing approach, which allowed a much larger number of species to be tested than would be possible with traditional toxicity test methods, albeit with lower replications and fewer exposure concentrations. With this rapid approach, sensitivity estimates are less precise, but more numerous. This is important when constructing species sensitivity distributions (SSDs), which aim to represent the sensitivity of communities. We determined the approximate sensitivity (4‐ and 10‐d median lethal concentration [LC50] values) of a large and representative sample of Antarctic marine invertebrates to copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and cadmium (Cd). Up to 88 LC50 values (from 88 different taxa) were used in the construction of SSDs. The hazardous concentrations for 1% of taxa (HC1) based on 10‐d LC50 values were 37, 346, and 792 μg/L for Cu, Zn, and Cd, respectively. Our results provide a basis for estimating the risk of exposure to metals for a large representative sample of marine polar invertebrates. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:1560–1568. © 2019 SETAC

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity of a Large and Representative Sample of Antarctic Marine Invertebrates to Metals

Kefford

King

Wasley

et al. 2019

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry

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“…For the embryonic and larval toxicity tests that were done in open vials, the exposure concentrations of total hydrocarbon content in WAFs were modeled from the measured concentrations in the WAF depletion tests (Brown et al 2016). Exposure concentrations used to model sensitivity estimates were derived by calculating the time‐weighted mean total hydrocarbon content between pairs of successive measurements in the 100% WAFs and dilutions (Brown et al 2017), to give overall exposure concentrations for each time point (Tsvetnenko and Evans 2002; Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development 2019). These modeled concentrations integrated the loss of hydrocarbons over time, and renewal of test solutions at 4‐d intervals.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are few published studies on the sensitivity of Antarctic marine invertebrates to fuels. Amphipods, copepods, echinoderms, and the coastal Antarctic zooplankton community have been demonstrated to be sensitive to SAB diesel and fuel oils at low concentrations (Lane and Riddle 2004; Payne et al 2014; Alexander et al 2017; Brown et al 2017). Most of these studies however, have examined a single species or life stage, and a single fuel only.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Petroleum Fuels on Fertilization and Development of the Antarctic Sea Urchin Sterechinus neumayeri

Brown

King

Harrison

2020

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry

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Antarctic marine environments are at risk from petroleum fuel spills as shipping activities in the Southern Ocean increase. Knowledge of the sensitivity of Antarctic species to fuels under environmentally realistic exposure conditions is lacking. We determined the toxicity of 3 fuels, Special Antarctic Blend diesel (SAB), marine gas oil (MGO), and intermediate fuel oil (IFO 180) to a common Antarctic sea urchin, Sterechinus neumayeri. Sensitivity was estimated for early developmental stages from fertilization to the early 4-arm pluteus in toxicity tests of up to 24 d duration. The effects of the water accommodated fractions (WAFs) of fuels were investigated under different exposure scenarios to determine the relative sensitivity of stages and of different exposure regimes. Sensitivity to fuel WAFs increased through development. Both MGO and IFO 180 were more toxic than SAB, with median effect concentration values for the most sensitive pluteus stage of 3.5, 6.5, and 252 µg/L total hydrocarbon content, respectively. Exposure to a single pulse during fertilization and early embryonic development showed toxicity patterns similar to those observed from continuous exposure. The results show that exposure to fuel WAFs during critical early life stages affects the subsequent viability of larvae, with consequent implications for reproductive success. The sensitivity estimates for S. neumayeri that we generated can be utilized in risk assessments for the management of Antarctic marine ecosystems.

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“…Former waste disposal sites on shorelines around coastal research stations, combined with meltwater runoff through such sites, has also resulted in pollution of marine sediments by metals, persistent organic pollutants and hydrocarbons, leading to localized changes in macrofaunal communities (Lenihan and Oliver, 1995;Stark et al, 2005Stark et al, , 2014, uptake of contaminants by biota and reduced biodiversity (Duquesne and Riddle, 2002;Stark et al, 2004). At a species level there is relatively limited knowledge on the sensitivity and bioaccumulation of pollutants on benthic species (Lister et al, 2015;Alexander et al, 2017;Brown et al, 2017). Heavy-metal studies have shown demonstrated variability within phyla and further research is required before water quality guidelines for the Southern Ocean can be established (Kefford et al, 2019;Webb et al, 2019).…”

Section: Pollution Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responses of Southern Ocean Seafloor Habitats and Communities to Global and Local Drivers of Change

et al. 2021

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Knowledge of life on the Southern Ocean seafloor has substantially grown since the beginning of this century with increasing ship-based surveys and regular monitoring sites, new technologies and greatly enhanced data sharing. However, seafloor habitats and their communities exhibit high spatial variability and heterogeneity that challenges the way in which we assess the state of the Southern Ocean benthos on larger scales. The Antarctic shelf is rich in diversity compared with deeper water areas, important for storing carbon (“blue carbon”) and provides habitat for commercial fish species. In this paper, we focus on the seafloor habitats of the Antarctic shelf, which are vulnerable to drivers of change including increasing ocean temperatures, iceberg scour, sea ice melt, ocean acidification, fishing pressures, pollution and non-indigenous species. Some of the most vulnerable areas include the West Antarctic Peninsula, which is experiencing rapid regional warming and increased iceberg-scouring, subantarctic islands and tourist destinations where human activities and environmental conditions increase the potential for the establishment of non-indigenous species and active fishing areas around South Georgia, Heard and MacDonald Islands. Vulnerable species include those in areas of regional warming with low thermal tolerance, calcifying species susceptible to increasing ocean acidity as well as slow-growing habitat-forming species that can be damaged by fishing gears e.g., sponges, bryozoan, and coral species. Management regimes can protect seafloor habitats and key species from fishing activities; some areas will need more protection than others, accounting for specific traits that make species vulnerable, slow growing and long-lived species, restricted locations with optimum physiological conditions and available food, and restricted distributions of rare species. Ecosystem-based management practices and long-term, highly protected areas may be the most effective tools in the preservation of vulnerable seafloor habitats. Here, we focus on outlining seafloor responses to drivers of change observed to date and projections for the future. We discuss the need for action to preserve seafloor habitats under climate change, fishing pressures and other anthropogenic impacts.

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Lethal and behavioral impacts of diesel and fuel oil on the Antarctic amphipod Paramoera walkeri

Cited by 16 publications

References 75 publications

Sensitivity of a Large and Representative Sample of Antarctic Marine Invertebrates to Metals

Sensitivity of a Large and Representative Sample of Antarctic Marine Invertebrates to Metals

Impacts of Petroleum Fuels on Fertilization and Development of the Antarctic Sea Urchin Sterechinus neumayeri

Responses of Southern Ocean Seafloor Habitats and Communities to Global and Local Drivers of Change

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