2013
DOI: 10.1007/s10646-013-1121-6
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Lethal and sub lethal effects of the biocide chlorhexidine on aquatic organisms

Abstract: Chlorhexidine is among the most used biocides in Europe, however its toxicity to aquatic organisms is scarcely known. The main objective of this study was to assess the lethal and sub lethal effects of chlorhexidine digluconate (ChD) on four aquatic model organisms: the bacteria Vibrio fischeri, the algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, the crustacean Daphnia magna and the embryos of the fish Danio rerio. ChD was very toxic to algae and crustaceans, with a 72 h-EC50 of 62.2 μg/l and a 48 h-EC50 of 45.0 μg/l, … Show more

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Cited by 29 publications
(15 citation statements)
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“…In our study, the EC 50 values of chlorhexidine for both species were also higher than 100 μg/L. Jesus et al (2013) described an EC 50 of 62.2 μg/L for the algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. This green algae, a common bioindicator, showed high susceptibility to chlorhexidine.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 53%
“…In our study, the EC 50 values of chlorhexidine for both species were also higher than 100 μg/L. Jesus et al (2013) described an EC 50 of 62.2 μg/L for the algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. This green algae, a common bioindicator, showed high susceptibility to chlorhexidine.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 53%
“…The delay of the hatching of Danio rerio was also verified in the study of Bai et al (2010); Muller et al (2015) and Oliveira et al (2009). However, premature hatching was observed in the studies of Jesus et al (2013) and Oliveira et al (2013), where there was an increase in the hatch rate of Danio rerio exposed to the antiseptic chlorhexidine and the antibiotic amoxicillin.…”
Section: Fish Embryo Toxicity (Fet) Testmentioning
confidence: 57%
“…LDH activity (EC 1.1.1.27) was evaluated according to the protocol described by Jesus et al, () with slight modifications. The reaction mixture contained 147 µL of NADH (0.24 mM) and 23 µL of pyruvate (10 mM) in a Tris–NaCl buffer (0.1 M, pH 7.2).…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%