Lethal and Sublethal Effects of a Neem-based Insecticide on Balsam Fir Sawfly (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae)

Li, S. Y.; Skinner, Andrea; Rideout, Troy; Stone, David M.; Crummey, H.; Holloway, Graham J.

doi:10.1093/jee/96.1.35

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Li et al 2003;Poland et al 2006). Similarly, in our study, the lethal time decreased from approximately 120 h to 95 h with increasing of the concentration of pyrethrins.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Lethal effects of pyrethrins on spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana)

Cai

You

et al. 2010

Journal of Forestry Research

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Spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens)) is one of the most serious forest insect pests in North America. Laboratory bioassays were performed to determine the lethal doses and lethal time of pyrethrins (a botanical insecticide) on 4th instar larvae of spruce budworm using larval dip assay. Results show that the LT 50 values(time of 50% larval mortality)for spruce budworm at the pyrethrins concentrations of 12.5, 25, 50, 100, and 200 μg·L -1 were 94.78, 45.54, 20.36, 14.39 and 11.37 h, respectively. The percentage of cumulative mortality at the pyrethrins concentrations of 12.5, 25, 50, 100, 200 μg·L -1 was approximately 50%, 67%, 93%, 100% and 100% within 120 h, respectively. The LC 50 value (concentration of 50% larval mortality) for the 4 th instar larvae was 16.1μg·L -1 . Thus, larval mortality of spruce budworm increased in a concentration-dependent manner, and lethal time decreased with increasing pyrethin concentrations. These findings suggest that pyrethrins have a potential in controlling spruce budworm populations.

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“…Li et al 2003;Poland et al 2006). Similarly, in our study, the lethal time decreased from approximately 120 h to 95 h with increasing of the concentration of pyrethrins.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Lethal effects of pyrethrins on spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana)

Cai

You

et al. 2010

Journal of Forestry Research

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“…Neem extract has also an excellent effect as a nontoxic repellent, insecticide, and pesticide (Li et al 2003;Mulla and Su 1999). The Ayurvedic medicine uses the neem tree as one of the main ingredients of its pharmacy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new shampoo based on neem (Azadirachta indica) is highly effective against head lice in vitro

2006

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Because topical compounds based on insecticidal chemicals are the mainstay of head lice treatment, but resistance is increasing, alternatives, such as herbs and oils are being sold to treat head lice. To test a commercial shampoo based on seed extract of Azadirachta indica (neem tree) for its in vitro effect, head lice (n=17) were collected from school children in Australia and immersed in Wash-Away Louse shampoo (Alpha-Biocare GmbH, Germany). Vitality was evaluated for more than 3 h by examination under a dissecting microscope. Positive and negative controls were a commercially available head lice treatment containing permethrin 1% (n=19) and no treatment (n=14). All lice treated with the neem shampoo did not show any vital signs from the initial examination after immersion at 5-30 min; after 3 h, only a single louse showed minor signs of life, indicated by gut movements, a mortality of 94%. In the permethrin group, mortality was 20% at 5 min, 50% at 15 min, and 74% after 3 h. All 14 head lice of the negative control group survived during the observation period. Our data show that Wash-Away Louse is highly effective in vitro against head lice. The neem shampoo was more effective than the permethrin-based product. We speculate that complex plant-based compounds will replace the well-defined chemical pediculicides if resistance to the commonly used products further increases.

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“…Mortality as an estimation of the acute toxicity may only be a partial measure of the deleterious effects of these products. The dynamics of botanical insecticides in the environment that they are used, mainly with respect to rapid degradation (Johnson et al 2003), also indicates sublethal effects in the physiology and behavior of pests; this is the reason why a lower concentration, even without the ability to cause any mortality, can harm a population (Jafarbeigi et al 2014) by causing deterrent effects, diminishing food intake and frass production, retarding larval and pupal development, pupal weight and adult emergence (Li et al 2003). Hence, such effects should be considered in future works for those concentrations that do not cause mortality.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity of botanical and synthetic formulations to the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Ribeiro

Luz²,

Bastos

et al. 2017

Rev. Colomb. Entomol.

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Maize is attacked by various pest species, including the key-pest of stored maize, Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). This study determined the LC50 and LD50 of neem-based insecticides (AzaMax® and Natuneem®) in comparison to a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide (Decis® 25 CE) to S. zeamais. The bioassays consisted of insects’ exposure alone (topical application with microsyringe) and exposure of both insects and seeds treated simultaneously. The final bioassays used four to six concentrations of each formulation per bioassay, diluted in distilled water. The bioassays were run with the use of 10 non-sexed adults of S. zeamais per replication and mortality was assessed after 48 h of exposure. The data regarding concentration and dose-mortality were analyzed by probit analysis. Both LC50 and LD50 were used to calculate LCR and LDR’s and their respective confidence interval (CI). After using topical application, the bioassays yielded LD50-values of 51.32, 76.76 and 42.75 μL of AzaMax, Natuneem and Decis/g of insects, respectively. The bioassays with simultaneous exposure of both insects and seeds yielded LC50-values of 4.01, 4.46 and 0.41 μL of AzaMax, Natuneem and Decis/g of seeds, respectively. Regarding the fact that there were no significant differences between the LC50-values of the botanical insecticides, both of them can be used to manage S. zeamais infesting stored corn. The cost to treat maize and to obtain effective control of S. zeamais is cheapest for Decis<Natuneem<Azamax. The LC50-values found in our study would be equivalent to use 8.02, 8.92 and 0.82 L of AzaMax, Natuneem and Decis/ton of seeds.

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Lethal and Sublethal Effects of a Neem-based Insecticide on Balsam Fir Sawfly (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae)

Cited by 15 publications

References 20 publications

Lethal effects of pyrethrins on spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana)

Lethal effects of pyrethrins on spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana)

A new shampoo based on neem (Azadirachta indica) is highly effective against head lice in vitro

Toxicity of botanical and synthetic formulations to the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

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