Lethal and Sublethal Effects of Altered Sand Salinity on Embryos of Beach-Spawning California Grunion

Matsumoto, Jacquie; Martin, Kerry

doi:10.1643/cp-07-097

Cited by 21 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…In the polychaetes Nereis virens and Hydroides elegans, normal fertilization and development do not usually occur below salinities of 18 psu and 20 psu respectively (Ushakova and Sarantchova, 2004;Pechenik et al, 2007). Developmental success was also reduced when gametes of marine fishes (e.g., the California grunion- Matsumoto and Martin, 2008) and estuarine fishes (e.g., Fundulus heteroclitus- Able and Parmer, 1988) were exposed to low-salinity seawater.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Effects of Low Salinity on Fertilization Success and Early Development in the Sand Dollar Echinarachnius parma

Allen

Pechenik²

2010

The Biological Bulletin

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Free-spawning marine invertebrates that live near shore or in estuaries may experience reduced fertilization success during low-salinity events. Although several studies have documented reproductive failure at reduced salinity in estuarine animals, few have looked at whether developmental failure is due to a failure of fertilization or to a failure of fertilized eggs to cleave. In this study, we examined the effects of salinities ranging from 18 to 32 psu on fertilization success and early development in the sand dollar Echinarachnius parma. In addition to decoupling the effects of low salinity on fertilization from its effects on early cleavage, we also assessed whether eggs or sperm were the weak link in accounting for reproductive failure. We found that both fertilization and cleavage failed at salinities below about 22 psu but that development could be partially rescued by returning zygotes to full-strength seawater. We also found that sperm remained active and capable of fertilizing eggs even after being exposed to low salinities for 30 min.. Taken together, these results suggest that reproductive failure at low salinities in E. parma is due more to an inability of the fertilized eggs to cleave than to an inability of sperm to fertilize eggs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Effects of Low Salinity on Fertilization Success and Early Development in the Sand Dollar Echinarachnius parma

Allen

Pechenik²

2010

The Biological Bulletin

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“…Embryos were too weak to move and tear zona radiata externa however the zona radiata interna was completely digested by hatching enzyme. Increased salinity of sand could be an inhibitor of hatching in terrestrially incubating L. tenuis (Matsumoto and Martin 2008). Delayed hatching in this species could take place also if water does not reach eggs during high tide-embryos can then delay development inside egg to the next high tide (Martin 1999;Martin et al 2009).…”

Section: Hatching Abnormalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fish hatching strategies: a review

Korwin-Kossakowski

2011

Rev Fish Biol Fisheries

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The paper presents differences in the distribution of hatching gland cells, and the location of egg envelope digestion, the significance of hatching movements, and the ways larvae escape from egg envelopes. A review of the literature on the hatching orientation of 34 fish species is compared. No correlation was seen between hatching orientation and egg diameter or newly hatched larva length, nor newly hatched larvae length ratio to egg diameter. Photographs of twelve freshwater species present the moment of hatching either head first or tail first. Some differences were shown in swelling between eggs incubated in commercial hatchery and developed in natural conditions, as well as possible effect of these differences on hatching.

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“…Since diapuase in most species is developmentally programmed to occur at particular developmental stages, it typically precedes the onset of the environmental insult, and as a result, the organism can exhibit developmental arrest even when environmental conditions could be conducive to carrying on normal development. Among fishes, there are numerous examples of diapause including embryonic rays (Trygonoptera personata and T. muscosa; White et al 2002) as well as eggs of Grunion (Leuresthes tenuis) (Darken et al 1998;Matsumoto and Martin 2008) and others; however, the best studied diapausing fishes are the annual killifishes (Cyprinodontiformes, Rivulidae), which will form the basis for the following discussion. Annual killifish (Austrofundulus limnaeus) inhabit ephemeral ponds in the desert regions of Northern South America.…”

Section: Diapausementioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic Rate Suppression as a Mechanism for Surviving Environmental Challenge in Fish

Richards

2009

Aestivation

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The ability to reduce metabolic rate during exposure to environmental stress, termed metabolic rate suppression, is thought to be an important component to enhance survival in many organisms. Metabolic rate suppression can be achieved through modifications to behavior, physiology, and cellular biochemistry, all of which act to reduce whole organisms energy expenditure. This chapter will critically evaluate the use of metabolic rate suppression as a response to environmental challenge in fish using three metabolic states: aestivation, hypoxia/anoxia exposure, and diapause.

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Lethal and Sublethal Effects of Altered Sand Salinity on Embryos of Beach-Spawning California Grunion

Cited by 21 publications

References 48 publications

Understanding the Effects of Low Salinity on Fertilization Success and Early Development in the Sand Dollar Echinarachnius parma

Understanding the Effects of Low Salinity on Fertilization Success and Early Development in the Sand Dollar Echinarachnius parma

Fish hatching strategies: a review

Metabolic Rate Suppression as a Mechanism for Surviving Environmental Challenge in Fish

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