Letter: Neurosurgery and Coronavirus (COVID-19) Epidemic: Doing our Part

Pesce, Alessandro; Palmieri, Mauro; Armocida, Daniele; Frati, Alessandro; Santoro, Antonio

doi:10.1093/neuros/nyaa115

Cited by 19 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…shows thalamic and brainstem hyperintensities. 5 COVID-19 encephalitis may manifest with seizures, as it did in this case report of a 6week old. 8 Patient's EEG showed interictal abnormalities of excessive temporal sharp waves and intermittent delta vertex slowing.…”

Section: Mri Brainsupporting

confidence: 63%

“…3 Dysregulation of ACE-2 receptors have been implicated in animal models of autoimmune encephalomyelitis. 5 MRI brain shows hyperintensities invariably in bilateral thalami. 5 A case report of a patient presenting with confusion and meningeal signs was diagnosed with encephalitis.…”

Section: Mri Brainmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Molecular mimicry between viral RNA and myelin basic protein is the proposed mechanism of demyelination of both the central and peripheral nervous systems. 5 A case series from Italy of 5 patients 9 and a single case report from Iran 10 with GBS have been reported. The syndrome began with typical symptoms with neurological symptoms beginning 5-10 days later.…”

Section: Mri Brainmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Myopathy or myositis can occur as a late manifestation of COVID-19 and is associated with multi-organ damage. 5 Direct damage is implicated by the presence of ACE-2 receptors in skeletal muscle. 4 Signi cantly elevated CK (and other muscle markers), CRP, and Ddimer can be seen.…”

Section: Mri Brainmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 There are two possible mechanisms for nervous system spread: hematogenous spread or retrograde transport up axons. 5 Cytokine storm facilitates blood brain barrier breakdown and therefore hematogenous spread. 6 Strokes are reported in patients with COVID-19, usually as a secondary neurological manifestation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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RETRACTED: Neurological and neuromuscular manifestations in SARS-CoV-2: Review of Literature and Case Series

Warner

2020

Preprint

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Abstract Abstract: Introduction: The 2019 coronavirus, known as SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19, was named a pandemic by the WHO in March 2020. It binds to the ACE-2 receptor and transmembrane serine protease 2 and is highly virulent. There are many sequelae of this virus, including neurological consequences. We have performed a literature review of the neurological sequelae of COVID-19 with relation to neuroimaging and then present a case series. Case Series: Seven cases were seen by neurology consultants at the Hospital for Special Surgery in New York City between February and May of 2020; 5 met criteria. The majority of these consultations were called for encephalopathy. Some had neuroimaging of brain MRI or head CT, which all showed microvascular disease. One case had prior imaging without microvascular disease.Summary/Conclusion: It is known that vascular disease is a risk factor for severe COVID-19 infection. This case series demonstrates presence of microvascular disease in patients with encephalopathy. We know that microvascular disease can be a risk factor for toxic metabolic encephalopathy. It is unclear if the microvascular disease was present prior to infection, although at least one patient had prior imaging without microvascular disease. More research is needed to determine if COVID-19 infection can cause vascular disease.

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Section: Mri Brainsupporting

confidence: 63%