Letter: volatile metabolomics of exhaled breath or faecal gas?

Groot, E. F. J. de; Meij, Tim G. J. de; Schee, Marc P. van der; Boer, Nanne K. H. de

doi:10.1111/apt.13101

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…These studies demonstrated impressive efficacy and performance results, suggesting a strong link between exhaled VOCs and IBD. It has been proposed that these VOCs are generated from microbe-associated gases, which originate in the gut and diffuse into the bloodstream and enter the lung’s alveoli, where they are eventually expelled [19]. Moreover, CD and UC have both shown distinct patterns of VOCs, reflecting gut fermentome metabolites [8,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breath Analysis Using eNose and Ion Mobility Technology to Diagnose Inflammatory Bowel Disease—A Pilot Study

et al. 2019

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Early diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), remains a clinical challenge with current tests being invasive and costly. The analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath and biomarkers in stool (faecal calprotectin (FCP)) show increasing potential as non-invasive diagnostic tools. The aim of this pilot study is to evaluate the efficacy of breath analysis and determine if FCP can be used as an additional non-invasive parameter to supplement breath results, for the diagnosis of IBD. Thirty-nine subjects were recruited (14 CD, 16 UC, 9 controls). Breath samples were analysed using an in-house built electronic nose (Wolf eNose) and commercial gas chromatograph–ion mobility spectrometer (G.A.S. BreathSpec GC-IMS). Both technologies could consistently separate IBD and controls [AUC ± 95%, sensitivity, specificity], eNose: [0.81, 0.67, 0.89]; GC-IMS: [0.93, 0.87, 0.89]. Furthermore, we could separate CD from UC, eNose: [0.88, 0.71, 0.88]; GC-IMS: [0.71, 0.86, 0.62]. Including FCP did not improve distinction between CD vs UC; eNose: [0.74, 1.00, 0.56], but rather, improved separation of CD vs controls and UC vs controls; eNose: [0.77, 0.55, 1.00] and [0.72, 0.89, 0.67] without FCP, [0.81, 0.73, 0.78] and [0.90, 1.00, 0.78] with FCP, respectively. These results confirm the utility of breath analysis to distinguish between IBD-related diagnostic groups. FCP does not add significant diagnostic value to breath analysis within this study.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breath Analysis Using eNose and Ion Mobility Technology to Diagnose Inflammatory Bowel Disease—A Pilot Study

et al. 2019

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“…Analysis of VOC profiles provide clearer understanding of the mechanisms (pathophysiology) and origin of disease resulting from changes in host metabolic pathways [9]. Exhaled breath VOCs, associated with irritable bowel disease (IBD), probably originate from the systemic response and result from gases in the gut that diffuse into the bloodstream and are released into lung alveoli [14]. Certain VOCs that are highly associated and correlated with the presence of specific diseases may serve as effective chemical biomarkers of disease.…”

Section: Mechanisms and Theory Of Gastrointestinal-disease Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The detection of disease-specific biomarker VOCs, either individually using chemical analysis methods or collectively (in complex headspace gas mixtures) using various e-nose technologies, has provided powerful and highly complementary methods and tools for effective disease diagnoses [14]. For example, significant differences in VOC-metabolite patterns derived from GC-MS analyses of headspace gases from stool samples indicated that the four different main causes of infectious diarrhea in hospitals could be discriminated based on unique biomarkers associated with different infectious etiologic agents [15].…”

Section: Biomarker Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Applications of Electronic-Nose Technologies for the Noninvasive Early Diagnosis of Gastrointestinal Diseases

Wilson

2017

The 4th International Electronic Conference on Sensors and Applications

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Abstract:Conventional methods for diagnosing gastrointestinal (GI) diseases have involved analysis of headspace volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present in the breath, urine, or fecal samples of patients. Most previous diagnostic testing methods have utilized purely metabolomictype approaches to analyze VOCs with analytical instruments such as gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics, selected ion flow tubemass spectrometry (SIFT-MS), proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometry (PTR-MS), and field asymmetric ion mobility spectroscopy (FAIMS). These sophisticated and expensive methods usually involve the use of large immobile (non-portable) benchtop instruments, requiring extensive data manipulations and analyses along with advanced modeling procedures to achieve diagnostic interpretations of complex chemical data. Colonoscopies and biopsies are more invasive and discourage patient-participation in prophylactic GI-disease screenings. The more recent availability of portable electronic nose gas-sensing devices, developed with the aim of simplifying disease diagnoses by analysis of headspace VOC mixtures collectively using multi-sensor arrays, allow the production of disease-specific aroma signatures (VOC profiles) based on detection of precise complex mixtures of disease biomarker metabolites. Electronic-nose (e-nose) devices provide very fast results, are easy to operate, and are more readily applicable to clinical practice. This paper summarizes some very recent e-nose technologies being developed and tested for GI-disease diagnostic applications, including ones with dual-technology and multi-technology sensor arrays for both pattern recognition and identification of key-metabolite chemical species. In addition, novel portable electronic devices, developed with new operational mechanisms and sensor types, are described which offer possibilities of providing new means of diagnosing GI-tract diseases.

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“…1,2 We congratulate the authors on their work using faecal volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to discriminate between paediatric patients with ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease and controls. 3 We are in full agreement with the authors' notion that VOCs can originate from a variety of compartments both in health and in disease -the primary affected organ, its direct vicinity, from systemic responses, the diet and the environment.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%