Letters in Mean Comparisons: What They Do and Don’t Mean

Piepho, Hans‐Peter

doi:10.2134/agronj2017.10.0580

Cited by 65 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The BLUPs for the untested locations are the predictions obtained from the observed locations, and these values are reported to growers. However, these BLUPs do not equal Table 10 The letter representation of all-pairwise differences by the insert-and-absorb algorithm (Piepho 2004) *Means not sharing any letter are significantly different at the 5% level of significance with Bonferroni adjustment (Piepho, 2018) the yield that the growers will get in practice. Furthermore, the standard errors of the predictions based on the observed locations cannot be applied to the grower's fields since the trials hardly ever coincide with these.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Projecting results of zoned multi-environment trials to new locations using environmental covariates with random coefficient models: accuracy and precision

2021

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Key message We propose the utilisation of environmental covariates in random coefficient models to predict the genotype performances in new locations. Abstract Multi-environment trials (MET) are conducted to assess the performance of a set of genotypes in a target population of environments. From a grower’s perspective, MET results must provide high accuracy and precision for predictions of genotype performance in new locations, i.e. the grower’s locations, which hardly ever coincide with the locations at which the trials were conducted. Linear mixed modelling can provide predictions for new locations. Moreover, the precision of the predictions is of primary concern and should be assessed. Besides, the precision can be improved when auxiliary information is available to characterize the targeted locations. Thus, in this study, we demonstrate the benefit of using environmental information (covariates) for predicting genotype performance in some new locations for Swedish winter wheat official trials. Swedish MET locations can be stratified into zones, allowing borrowing information between zones when best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) is used. To account for correlations between zones, as well as for intercepts and slopes for the regression on covariates, we fitted random coefficient (RC) models. The results showed that the RC model with appropriate covariate scaling and model for covariate terms improved the precision of predictions of genotypic performance for new locations. The prediction accuracy of the RC model was competitive compared to the model without covariates. The RC model reduced the standard errors of predictions for individual genotypes and standard errors of predictions of genotype differences in new locations by 30–38% and 12–40%, respectively.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Projecting results of zoned multi-environment trials to new locations using environmental covariates with random coefficient models: accuracy and precision

2021

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“…Significances are illustrated in the figures by * ( p < 0.05), ** ( p < 0.01) or *** ( p < 0,001), for a paired Student’s t -test ( Figure 1 ). To indicate all significant differences between the different data sets as calculated by one-way ANOVA ( p < 0.05), we chose the letters A–D (for a detailed explanation, see [ 49 ]). Significantly different datasets do not share the same letters ( Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increase of the Intracellular Zinc Concentration Leads to an Activation and Internalisation of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in A549 Cells

Barth¹,

Rink²,

Weßels³

2020

IJMS

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(1) Background: Zinc is suggested to play a major role in epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced cell regeneration and proliferation. To deepen the knowledge on the underlying mechanisms zinc’s effects on the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation and its endocytosis was investigated in the alveolar carcinoma cell line A549. (2) Methods: An increase of intracellular zinc was generated by adding zinc extracellularly compared to the intracellular release of zinc from zinc-binding proteins by stimulation with a nitric oxide donor. Zinc-initiated EGFR phosphorylation was checked by Western blotting and receptor endocytosis assays were performed by using flow cytometry. (3) Results: Besides a dose-dependent EGFR phosphorylation, a dose- and time dependent significant receptor internalisation was initiated by both types of zinc increases. In addition, both increased intracellular zinc levels further promoted EGF-induced EGFR phosphorylation and internalisation. (4) Conclusion: This report confirms a transactivating effect of zinc on the EGFR for A549 cells and is the first describing an influence of zinc on the EGFR endocytosis. The transferability of the fine-tuning of EGFR-induced signalling by zinc needs to be verified in vivo, but the presented data underline that zinc might be helpful during treatment of disturbed regeneration and tissue repair.

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“…All data analyses were conducted via the SAS 9.1.3 software package (SAS Institute, 2005). To avoid any misunderstanding regarding the LSD test, we followed the suggestions in Piepho (2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of donor QTL on grain yield and gray leaf spot of four recombinant inbred lines of maize

Jiang

Yin

et al. 2020

Crop Science

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Improved maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids must possess both high grain yield (GY) and disease resistance for commercial production. Four recombinant inbred lines (RILs) with resistance to a gray leaf spot (GLS, caused by Cercospora zeae-maydis Tehon & E. Y. Daniels) were developed from a cross between YML32 (resistant) and Q11 (susceptible). Three RILs (RL1_1, RL1_2, and RL2_1) contained a resistance-carrying DNA segment (RDNAS); the fourth RIL (RL2_2) did not possess RDNAS. Five testers (four RILs and Q11, male) were crossed with 13 maize lines (female) of three known heterotic groups and tested in 2016 (2016 experiment; results published in 2018). In the current study, we crossed the 21 lines (female, 13 previous lines plus eight new lines, 2018 experiment) with the same five testers (male). The objectives were (a) to determine if GY of the testcrosses, especially with RIL2_2, and GY heterosis were improved over the testcrosses with Q11, and (b) to compare the results of the 2018 and 2016 experiments to know if different years and/or additional maize lines affected GY. The GY of the crosses with the four RILs and the GY heterosis of testcrosses were improved over the crosses with Q11 in the 2018 experiment, mainly because of low GLS score. RIL2_2, lacking the RDNAS, possessed GLS resistance genes different from those in the three RDNAS-carrying RILs. We concluded that at least 20 lines representing different heterotic groups should be crossed with new RILs and that a second year of testing would be desirable to obtain reliable estimates of GY of the new RILs and to identify new high-yielding hybrids.

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Letters in Mean Comparisons: What They Do and Don’t Mean

Cited by 65 publications

References 9 publications

Projecting results of zoned multi-environment trials to new locations using environmental covariates with random coefficient models: accuracy and precision

Projecting results of zoned multi-environment trials to new locations using environmental covariates with random coefficient models: accuracy and precision

Increase of the Intracellular Zinc Concentration Leads to an Activation and Internalisation of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in A549 Cells

Impact of donor QTL on grain yield and gray leaf spot of four recombinant inbred lines of maize

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