Leucaena Leucocephala a Nutrition Profile

Sethi, Poonam; Kulkarni, P. R.

doi:10.1177/156482659501600307

Cited by 22 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…Leucaena has been found to be a rich source of CP and minerals. The amino acid pattern of Leucaena is comparable with that of soya bean and fishmeal, which makes it an almost complete ruminant feed (Sethi & Kulkarni, 1995). These properties in Leucaena could be responsible for the higher milk yield recorded for dairy goats on TMR with Leucaena in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

Effect of <i>Leucaena leucocephala</i>, as a protein source in a total mixed ration, on milk yield and composition of Saanen milk goats

Leketa¹,

Donkin²,

Hassen³

et al. 2019

SA J. An. Sci.

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This study examined the effects of diets with two protein sources (oilseed cake meal (OSCM) and Leucaena leucocephala hay) on the performance of lactating goats that were fed a total mixed ration (TMR). Thirty Saanen milk goats were divided into two groups, which were fed one of the two TMRS, with or without Leucaena hay at 25% of the DM. The TMRs were formulated to be iso-nitrogenous, iso-energetic and isoneutral detergent fibre, while using two sources of crude protein, namely i) Leucaena hay; and ii) oilseed cake meal OSCM from soybean, sunflower, and cottonseed. No significant differences were revealed in body condition score, bodyweight change, milk yield and milk composition, such as milk fat (%), milk lactose (%), somatic cell count (x 10 3 cells/mL) and milk protein (%) during the entire lactation period. In contrast, goats fed the TMR with Leucaena hay had a lower milk urea nitrogen (mg nitrogen/dL) level than those fed the control diet (with OSCM). It was concluded that replacing a proportion of oilseed cake meal with Leucaena in Saanen milk goats fed TMR does not negatively influence milk production and composition.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

Effect of <i>Leucaena leucocephala</i>, as a protein source in a total mixed ration, on milk yield and composition of Saanen milk goats

Leketa¹,

Donkin²,

Hassen³

et al. 2019

SA J. An. Sci.

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“…These are known to depress protein digestibility in leucaena species and other tropical shrub legumes (Balogun et al 1998;Jones and Palmer 2000;Palmer and Jones 2000; and to reduce animal live weight gain (Jones and Palmer 1997). They are present in higher concentrations in bark than in leaves and seeds; Sethi and Kulkarni (1995) report 16.3% tannin in leucaena bark. Clearly, the lower CP status of the bark per se is not the sole reason for the very low CP digestibility (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The value of Leucaena leucocephala bark in leucaena—grass hay diets for Thai goats

Palmer¹,

Jones²,

Poathong³

et al. 2010

Trop Anim Health Prod

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The study assessed the value of Leucaena leucocephala bark in leucaena-grass hay diets fed to Thai goats. Thai goats in metabolism pens were fed diets containing leucaena leaf (55%) + pangola grass hay (hay, 45%); leucaena leaf (48%) + leucaena bark (9%) + hay (43%); leucaena bark (57%) + hay (43%); and hay only. Feed percentages are expressed on a dry weight basis. The digestibilities of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) were measured for the four diets. Leucaena bark had lower CP concentration than the leaf (11.7 vs. 25.9), and the leucaena bark + hay diet had lower DM and CP digestibility than the other diets. The calculated bark digestibilities of DM and CP of 44.1% and 38.2%, respectively, were much lower than the values for the leucaena leaf of 62.9% and 89.1%, respectively. The lower than expected CP digestibility was attributed to higher tannin levels in the bark compared to the leaves. Despite this, the bark was well accepted by the goats and was often preferred to the hay. Stripping of the bark by goats also results in stems that dry quicker and have higher calorific value as fuel. However, if leucaena branches are fed as a sole diet, the goats may consume up to 30% of bark on a DM basis and this would reduce nutritive value and animal productivity.

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“…Leucaena leaves and seeds contain mimosine (b-[N-3-hydroxy-4(1H)-pyridone] a-amino propionic that is known to be toxic to mammals [Crounse et al, 1962;Tsai & Ling, 1971]. Mimosine concentration is higher in immature leaves and seeds, less so in mature leaves [Sethi & Kulkarmi, 1995]. The mechanisms of mimosine toxicity are not completely understood, but include inhibition of DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis, blockade of the metabolic pathways of aromatic amino acids and tryptophan, chelation of metals, and antagonizing the action of vitamin B6, ultimately leading to the inhibition of cell division [Sethi & Kulkarmi, 1995;Tang & Ling, 1975;ter Meulen et al, 1981;Tsai & Ling, 1971;Vogt et al, 1994].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clinical manifestations of leucaena toxicity include alopecia, poor body condition, infertility, low birth weight, thyroid gland dysfunction, cataract formation, and liver, kidney, and central nervous system toxicity, and have been reported in a broad range of species, including humans, domestic ruminants, horses, rodents, and chickens [Crounse et al, 1962;Hammond, 1995;Hegarty et al, 1964;Holmes et al, 1981;Hylin & Lichton, 1965;Jones & Hegarty, 1984;Kamada et al, 1997;Megarrity & Jones, 1983;Owen, 1958;Prasad, 1988;Sethi & Kulkarmi, 1995]. When leucaena is removed from the diet, external signs of toxicity disappear and there is usually complete recovery [Blunt & Jones, 1977;Jones & Hegarty, 1984].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some ruminal microorganisms of cattle, sheep and goats can detoxify mimosine allowing them to tolerate levels of dietary leucaena of between 50% and 100% [Hegarty et al, 1964]. In contrast to ruminants, non-ruminant species, including humans, show signs of toxicity when leucaena exceeds 5-10% of diet [Sethi & Kulkarmi, 1995;Shelton & Brewbaker, 1994].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Systemic effects of Leucaena leucocephala ingestion on ringtailed lemurs (Lemur catta) at Berenty Reserve, Madagascar

Crawford

Puschner

Affolter

et al. 2015

American J Primatol

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Leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala) is a leguminous tree that is nutritious forage for domestic livestock when ingested in limited amounts. Unfortunately, leucaena contains mimosine, a plant amino acid, that can be toxic when ingested at higher concentrations. Reported toxic effects include alopecia (fur loss), poor body condition, infertility, low birth weight, thyroid gland dysfunction, and organ toxicity. Originally native to Mexico and Central America, leucaena has been introduced throughout the tropics, including Berenty Reserve, Madagascar where it was planted as supplemental browse for livestock. In Berenty, a seasonal syndrome of alopecia in ringtailed lemurs (Lemur catta) is associated with eating leucaena. Although much is known about the toxic effects of leucaena and mimosine on domestic animals and humans, the systemic effects on wildlife had not been studied. In a comparison of lemurs that include leucaena in their diet and those that do not, we found that animals that ingest leucaena absorb mimosine but that ingestion does not affect body condition, cause kidney or liver toxicity, or affect the intestinal tract. Alopecia is due to mimosine's interference of the hair follicle cycle. Leucaena ingestion is associated with higher serum albumin, α-tocopherol, and thyroxine concentrations, suggesting that leucaena may provide some nutritional benefit and that lemurs can detoxify and convert mimosine to a thyroid stimulating metabolite. The primary conservation consequence of leucaena ingestion at Berenty may be increased infant mortality due to the infants' inability cling to their alopecic mothers. The widespread introduction of leucaena throughout the tropics and its rapid spread in secondary forest conditions mean that many other leaf-eating mammals may be including this tree in their diet. Thus, exposure to leucaena should be considered when wildlife health is being evaluated, and the potential effects on wildlife health should be considered when contemplating leucaena introduction into or near wildlife habitat.

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Leucaena Leucocephala a Nutrition Profile

Cited by 22 publications

References 84 publications

Effect of <i>Leucaena leucocephala</i>, as a protein source in a total mixed ration, on milk yield and composition of Saanen milk goats

Effect of <i>Leucaena leucocephala</i>, as a protein source in a total mixed ration, on milk yield and composition of Saanen milk goats

The value of Leucaena leucocephala bark in leucaena—grass hay diets for Thai goats

Systemic effects of Leucaena leucocephala ingestion on ringtailed lemurs (Lemur catta) at Berenty Reserve, Madagascar

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