Leucocytes in the saliva of edentulous and caries-free subjects

Wright, Donald E.

doi:10.1016/0003-9969(62)90064-x

Cited by 20 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…We speculate that the oPMNs emerging at the interface between the epithelial barrier and the mucosal biofilm have fulfilled their patrolling function, are exhausted or necrotic, and then are shed and consequently appear in the sample rinse fluid. Interestingly, in the present study, the numbers of oPMNs observed in edentulous participants were higher than reported previously and may be related to the different sample collection method. In the present study, all participants were asked to rinse vigorously with a saline solution, in order to dislodge the PMNs attached to the mucosa throughout the oral cavity, whereas various reports isolated oPMNs from unstimulated saliva or by drooling .…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 87%

“…Interestingly, in the present study, the numbers of oPMNs observed in edentulous participants were higher than reported previously and may be related to the different sample collection method. In the present study, all participants were asked to rinse vigorously with a saline solution, in order to dislodge the PMNs attached to the mucosa throughout the oral cavity, whereas various reports isolated oPMNs from unstimulated saliva or by drooling . Also, in the present study a calibrated cell‐counting device was used instead of visual identification with a light microscope.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 87%

“…Viable PMNs were found to be capable of performing innate immune functions, such as active degranulation and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). A few early studies investigated leukocyte counts in the oral cavity of edentulous subjects; however, limited knowledge exists concerning PMN functionality in the edentulous oral cavity .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impaired polymorphonuclear neutrophils in the oral cavity of edentulous individuals

Rijkschroeff

Loos

Nicu

2017

European J Oral Sciences

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Oral health is characterized by functional oral polymorphonuclear neutrophils (oPMNs). Edentulism might be associated with a loss of oPMNs because these cells enter the oral cavity primarily through the gingival crevices. The main aim of this study was to investigate the numbers of oPMNs in rinse samples obtained from edentulous (n = 21) and dentate (n = 20) subjects. A second study aim was to investigate possible differences between oPMNs and peripheral blood polymorphonuclear neutrophils (cPMNs). Apoptosis/necrosis and cell‐activation markers (CD11b, CD63 and CD66b) were analyzed using flow cytometry. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was determined either without stimulation (constitutive) or in response to 10 μM phorbol myristate acetate or Fusobacterium nucleatum. The edentulous subjects presented with lower oPMN counts and higher percentages of apoptotic/necrotic oPMNs compared with dentate subjects. Furthermore, oPMNs from edentulous donors expressed low levels of all three activation markers and low constitutive ROS. In contrast, oPMNs from dentate subjects expressed high levels of all three activation markers and a higher level of constitutive ROS than cPMNs. When challenged, oPMNs from edentulous subjects showed no upregulation in ROS production, whereas oPMNs from dentate subjects retained their ability to respond to stimulation. The functional characteristics of cPMNs were comparable between edentulous and dentate subjects. This study demonstrates that despite having functional cPMNs, edentulous subjects have low oPMN numbers that are functionally impaired.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 87%

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Impaired polymorphonuclear neutrophils in the oral cavity of edentulous individuals

Rijkschroeff

Loos

Nicu

2017

European J Oral Sciences

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“…Early studies revealed higher rates of PMN migration into the oral cavity in the presence of gingival inflammation, 34 and the lowest oPMN numbers have been reported after tooth extractions. 35,36 Local inflammatory changes were also related to oPMNs in our study group, since the oPMN counts tended to correlate with BOMP.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Oral polymorphonuclear neutrophil characteristics in relation to oral health: a cross-sectional, observational clinical study

et al. 2016

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Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) have a major role in the innate immune system. However, little is known about PMN contribution in relation to oral health. The objective of this study was to investigate the numbers and functional characteristics of oral PMNs (oPMNs) compared with circulatory PMNs (cPMNs). Oral rinse and venous blood samples were obtained from 268 systemically and orally healthy volunteers in a cross-sectional observational study. PMN counts, cell cycle analysis and cellular activation state were investigated. Also, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was analyzed, with and without bacterial stimulation (Fusobacterium nucleatum). In males, 1.2 × 106±1.0 × 106 oPMNs were collected, and showed a tendency to correlate with the levels of gingival bleeding (r=0.215, P=0.008). Comparable oPMNs counts were found among females (1.0 × 106±0.7 × 106). More late-stage apoptotic/necrotic cells were found among the oPMNs (53.1%) compared with the cPMNs (8.5% P<0.001). Without additional stimulation, oPMNs were more activated than cPMNs, as indicated by higher expression of CD11b, CD63 and CD66b, and higher constitutive ROS levels (P<0.001). Notably, in response to bacterial stimulation, oPMNs released comparable ROS levels as cPMNs (P=0.042). In conclusion, this study provides data on viable oPMNs showing high levels of activation in orally and systemically healthy individuals, free of apparent caries lesions and periodontal disease. These data suggests that although the oPMNs are in a more mature stage of their life cycle compared with the cPMNs, oPMNs are still responsive to stimulation, which indicates their functional potential and possible contribution to a healthy oral ecosystem.

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“…Our knowledge of SPMNs is limited, and controversies exist with regard to their function and significance. For example, studies that measured the oral migratory rate (OMR) of SPMNs showed conflicting results: Wright (1962) found lower OMR in edentulous adults than in dentulous adults, while Raeste (1976) found no such difference. The number of SPMNs in a given individual generally correlates with gingivitis, but the OMR does not necessarily reflect the degree of clinical gingivitis (Schiott and Lde, 1970).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

A New Method for Isolation of Salivary Neutrophils and Determination of Their Functional Activity

Ashkenazi

Dennison

1989

J Dent Res

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The purposes of this study were to develop a new method for isolating salivary neutrophils (SPMNs), and to determine their functional activity. Studies of neutrophils in the oral cavity have been largely limited to crevicular PMNs, because of difficulties in obtaining viable SPMNs free of epithelial cells. A method to obtain SPMNs is presented. Donors performed rapid sequential rinsings by placing in their mouths 15 mL of Hanks' balanced salt solution [free of calcium or magnesium ions (HBSS-CMF)], which contained 0.1% gelatin, then swishing the solution for 30 s, and expectorating into a polypropylene receptacle containing 400 mL 4 degrees C HBSS-CMF. This sequence was repeated for 20 min. The collected solution was stirred for 10 min, the cells were washed, and the re-suspended pellet was passed sequentially through a 20-microns and a 10-microns nylon mesh. The cells consisted of 97.7 +/- 1.7% SPMNs, only 2.3% epithelial cells, and were almost free of oral debris. The SPMNs were studied for CD11b expression, H2O2 production, and F-actin polymerization. SPMNs had significantly higher resting values for CD11b, H2O2 production, and F-actin polymerization compared with blood neutrophils (BPMNs). SPMNs responded to stimulation by chemotactic peptide or phorbol ester in a dose-dependent fashion, with levels of CD11b, H2O2, and F-actin comparable with BPMNs at optimal stimulant concentrations. The elevated resting levels of CD11b, H2O2, and F-actin for SPMNs were probably caused by exposure to gingival and oral bacteria.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Leucocytes in the saliva of edentulous and caries-free subjects

Cited by 20 publications

References 7 publications

Impaired polymorphonuclear neutrophils in the oral cavity of edentulous individuals

Impaired polymorphonuclear neutrophils in the oral cavity of edentulous individuals

Oral polymorphonuclear neutrophil characteristics in relation to oral health: a cross-sectional, observational clinical study

A New Method for Isolation of Salivary Neutrophils and Determination of Their Functional Activity

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