Leukemic Transformation of Severe Aplastic Anemia Following Matched Allogenic Stem Cell Transplantation, Transplanted Again in CR 1

Abstract

Aplastic anemia (AA) is a life-threatening bone marrow failure disorder, if untreated, is associated with very high mortality. Allogenic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is the standard of care for severe aplastic anemia (SAA) patients those who are younger than 40 years of age. The development of secondary malignancies in post-BMT setting for AA is a rare, however, well documented phenomenon. Among the secondary malignancies, development of acute myeloid leukemia is even rarer entity. Here we report a case of acute myeloid leukemia following human leucocyte antigen (HLA) matched sibling peripheral blood stem cell transplant (PBSCT) in a case of SAA. The patient achieved complete remission (CR) following chemotherapy and in CR1, a second HLA matched PBSCT from a different donor was offered. The patient is presently in remission at day ?180 post-PBSCT.

Transformation of Severe Aplastic Anemia into Donor Cell Leukemia after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Rare Case Report

“…The other 3 patients are alive. One patient was treated with standard 3+7 induction chemotherapy with cytarabine and daunorubicin and then received a second allo-HSCT from an alternative donor [ 7 ]. One patient obtained remission with chemotherapy [ 4 ].…”