Leukocytospermia is associated with poor semen quality

Wolff, Hans; Politch, Joseph A.; Martinez, Adriana; Haimovici, Florina; Hill, Joseph A.; Anderson, Deborah J.

doi:10.1016/0020-7292(91)90562-j

Cited by 107 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…LCS was associated with decreased sperm count, % normal forms and fructose concentration, a measure of seminal vesicle function. Thus, the present study confirms and extends earlier reports that STIs and LCS are associated with poor semen quality (7,13,45,48,49,51,64,65,70,(77)(78)(79)(80)(81)(82).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

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Prevalence of sexually transmissible pathogens in semen from asymptomatic male infertility patients with and without leukocytospermia

Bezold

Politch

Kiviat

et al. 2007

Fertility and Sterility

218

167

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Objective-To determine the prevalence of pathogens that cause sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in semen from asymptomatic male infertility patients with and without leukocytospermia (LCS), and associations between STIs, inflammatory markers and other semen variables.Design-Retrospective, controlled study. Results-STI DNA was detected in 45/241 (18.7%) of the samples (CMV 8.7%, HPV 4.5%, HHV-6 3.7%, HSV 3.7%, CT 2.5%, EBV 0.4%, and HBV 0%), with no difference in prevalence between LCS and non-LCS groups. STI DNA in semen was associated with a decrease in sperm concentration, motile sperm concentration, total sperm count and neutral α-glucosidase concentration, whereas LCS was associated with a decrease in total sperm count, % normal forms and fructose concentration. Setting-CenterReprint requests: Deborah J. Anderson, Ph.D., Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Boston University School of Medicine, 670 Albany Street, Suite 516, Boston, MA 02118, (FAX: 617-414-8481; e-mail: E-mail: deborah.anderson@bmc.org). Capsule: Sexually transmissible pathogens were detected in 19% of semen samples from infertility patients seeking routine semen analyses; their presence was not associated with leukocytospermia, but was associated with reduced semen quality.Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. Conclusion(s)-STI pathogen DNA was detected in semen from a high percentage of asymptomatic male infertility patients and was associated with poor semen quality. Efforts to diagnose and treat subclinical genital tract infections should be intensified. NIH Public Access

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The prevalence of LCS in male infertility patients varies from 2% to 40% in published reports (9,(11)(12)(13), and elevated concentrations of WBC in semen have been associated with reduced sperm function and quality (9,(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of sexually transmissible pathogens in semen from asymptomatic male infertility patients with and without leukocytospermia

Bezold

Politch

Kiviat

et al. 2007

Fertility and Sterility

218

167

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…It is suggested that a host of factors including stasis of prostatic and seminal fluid, testicular hyperthermia, recurrent urinary tract infections, type of bladder management, abnormal testicular histology, changes in pituitary testicular axis, sperm antibodies and long term use of various medications in combination may be responsible. 12,[17][18][19] Many investigators have suggested that the stasis of semen in the ejaculatory ducts leads to the deterioration in sperm motility. 13,15,20,21 Brindley 21 has shown a progressive increase in sperm motility with repeated electro-ejaculation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of repeated ejaculations on semen characteristics following spinal cord injury

et al. 2005

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Study design: Prospective randomised controlled study. Objective: To evaluate the effects of repeated ejaculation on semen characteristics following spinal cord injury (SCI) in a prospective randomised controlled study. Setting: Spinal Research Centre, Stanmore, UK and Institute of Urology and Nephrology, London, UK. Methods: A total of 74 patients with SCI above T10 were tested by vibro-ejaculation using a Ferticare penile vibrator (Multicept A/S Horsholm, Denmark) using a standardised technique. The ejaculate was examined according to WHO protocol. The successfully vibro-ejaculated subjects (n ¼ 32) were randomised into a study group (n ¼ 18) and a control group (n ¼ 14). The patients in the study group vibro-ejaculated weekly for 3 months with semen analysis performed at baseline and then monthly. The control group vibro-ejaculated at baseline and at the end of the 3-month period. Two experienced observers performed the semen analysis independently. All measures were compared for statistical significance across the two groups at the beginning and at the end of the 3-month period using a two-tailed student t-test. Significance was determined at the 95% confidence interval (Po0.05). Results: In total, 10 patients in the study group and nine in the control group have completed the study so far. Six patients have dropped out of the study group and three from the control group for varied reasons. Two patients are currently enrolled in the study and control groups. The morphology and forward progression of sperm shows a statistically significant increase in the study group. The motility improves but is not statistically significant in the study group. No significant adverse effects were reported. Conclusions: We have shown in this unique randomised controlled study that repeated ejaculation does improve the sperm characteristics in SCI patients. It is suggested that SCI men should undergo repeated ejaculation for at least 3 months before trying intravaginal or intrauterine insemination techniques. If this fails then in vitro fertilisation can be used. This method promotes natural conception, is intimate and cost effective.

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“…Many possible factors contributing to poor semen quality in SCI males have been identi®ed, and include seminal¯uid stasis, 45 urinary tract infection, 46 increased scrotal temperature, 47,48 antisperm antibodies, 35,49 ± 51 urine contamination due to retrograde ejaculation, 28 catheter composition, 24 the use of lubricants, 24,27 endocrine disturbances 52 and increased reactive oxygen species in semen. 53 The method of bladder management used has also been shown to a ect semen quality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive approach to the management of male infertility following spinal cord injury

et al. 1999

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Objectives: To review the outcomes of management of male infertility following spinal cord injury in a specialised fertility clinic. Study Design: Retrospective review of medical records. Setting: The Fertility Clinic of a 45-bed spinal cord injury service in New South Wales, Australia. Methods: The medical and fertility clinic records of 113 males who attended the clinic between 1987 and 1997 were reviewed. Results: The rates of semen retrieval using vibroejaculation and electroejaculation were 67% and 97% respectively. Thirty-one individuals (37%) and their partners sought assistance with the primary aim of achieving a pregnancy. Intravaginal insemination (IVI) undertaken at home following vibroejaculation resulted in a pregnancy rate per cycle of 22%. Electroejaculation and IVI proved less successful with a pregnancy rate per cycle of only 5%, although with intrauterine insemination (IUI) this rate improved to 30%. Micromanipulation in vitro fertilisation (IVF) procedures, primarily intracytoplasmic sperm injection, were used in 18 couples resulting in a pregnancy rate per cycle of 19%. In the 31 couples there have been a total of 17 pregnancies in 97 cycle attempts for an overall pregnancy rate per cycle of 18% and a cumulative pregnancy rate per couple of 55%. Twelve of the pregnancies have resulted in 14 live births (including two sets of twins), there were three pregnancies ongoing at the date of review and there have been two spontaneous abortions. Conclusion: The bene®ts of a specialised fertility clinic o ering a comprehensive, clientfocused approach with education, fertility assessment and a range of semen retrieval and assisted reproduction options, are highlighted.

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Leukocytospermia is associated with poor semen quality

Cited by 107 publications

References 19 publications

Prevalence of sexually transmissible pathogens in semen from asymptomatic male infertility patients with and without leukocytospermia

Prevalence of sexually transmissible pathogens in semen from asymptomatic male infertility patients with and without leukocytospermia

Effects of repeated ejaculations on semen characteristics following spinal cord injury

A comprehensive approach to the management of male infertility following spinal cord injury

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