Levamisole residues in chicken tissues and eggs

Elkholy, H. M.; Kemppainen, Barbara W.

doi:10.1093/ps/84.1.9

Cited by 26 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…In chickens, a dose of Levamisol three-times greater than the one we used was undetectable in plasma after three days (El-Kholy and Kemppainen, 2005). In other species, Levamisol was found to have an immunomodulatory effect [e.g.…”

Section: Experimental Protocolmentioning

confidence: 97%

Oxidative stress and the effect of parasites on a carotenoid-based ornament

Mougeot

Martínez‐Padilla

Blount

et al. 2010

Journal of Experimental Biology

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It has been drawn to our attention that Fig. 1A,C,D in J. Exp. Biol. 213, 400-407 appears to show the same data as fig 1a,d,e in a paper published by (some of) the same authors in Journal of Evolutionary Biology (Mougeot et al., 2010). The authors wish to clarify the relationship between these two papers and rectify the lack of cross-referencing.Both papers focus on red grouse and are outputs from the same large-scale field manipulation undertaken in 2006. They represent two, very different, stand-alone studies addressing different conceptual issues. The central experimental manipulation of both papers is the drug treatment of birds. The authors felt it was necessary to include background data in each paper to give the reader confidence in the efficacy of the experimental treatment and to allow the reader to better understand and interpret the main results of the papers, which explore very different physiological mechanisms that influence ornamental colouration.For this reason, the treatment effects on parasite burden and comb colouration were presented in both papers, although a different index of comb redness was used vs adjusted R/(G+B) values (Fig. 1C in J . Exp. Biol.)]. Both indices are accurate reflections of comb redness, gave similar results and have been used in previous studies in different contexts to characterize comb colour. Both papers also include the same data on levels of circulating carotenoids [ Fig. 1D in J. Exp. Biol.; fig. 1d in J. Evol. Biol.]. The authors feel the inclusion of these data in both papers can be justified conceptually. In the J. Exp. Biol. paper, the trade-off between the use of carotenoids for colouring ornaments vs dealing with oxidative stress is central to the key question. In the J. Evol. Biol. paper, these data reinforce the argument that carotenoid levels and ornamental colouration covary with corticosterone levels.The reiteration of background data on parasite removal and carotenoid levels does not compromise the uniqueness of each paper. The papers were submitted to, and published by, the respective journals in parallel, and the absence of cross-referencing was an oversight on the part of the authors, who acknowledge that the figure legends should have cited the corresponding paper and that the different indices used for comb redness should have been clarified.Consequently, the text of Fig. 1 in the J. Exp. Biol. paper should have read: ; (E) plasma concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA; nmol ml -1 ) and (F) plasma TAS (total antioxidant status; mmol ml -1 ). White squares: control males; black squares: treated (dosed) males (purged of parasites). Numbers above error bars refer to sample size (number of males).

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Section: Experimental Protocolmentioning

confidence: 97%

Oxidative stress and the effect of parasites on a carotenoid-based ornament

Mougeot

Martínez‐Padilla

Blount

et al. 2010

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…[31,60,[71][72][73][74][75][76] Studies have conferred the prevalence of higher concentrations of levamisole residues in liver of broiler chickens as compared to other body tissues, including thigh muscles, due to the lipid-soluble nature of the drug. [30] Moreover, the deposition of oxytetracycline and chloramphenicol residues in substantially higher amounts within the liver and kidney samples of broilers confirmed by Salehzadeh et al [63] and Shahid et al [71] indicated non-compliance of established MRLs. Similarly, higher concentrations of ciprofloxacin and enorfloxacin residues in livers and kidneys of broiler chickens along with relatively lower concentrations of flumequine have also been detected.…”

Section: Drug Residues In Meatmentioning

confidence: 92%

Antimicrobial drug residues in poultry products and implications on public health: A review

Mund

Khan

Tahir

et al. 2016

International Journal of Food Properties

167

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Poultry meat and eggs are important foods for fulfilling the dietary needs of the ever-growing human population. Efficient poultry production, however, necessitates use of pharmaceutical products, such as antibiotics, as prophylactic and curatives to ensure rapid growth and health. Nevertheless, inappropriate and non-judicious use of these drugs results in an accumulation of toxic and harmful residues in meat and eggs of treated birds which affect consumer health by triggering allergic reactions and transmitting antibiotic-resistant microbial infections. Therefore, regulatory authorities must take rigorous steps to curtail inappropriate use of numerous drugs for animal use in order to provide safe animal origin food to humans.

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“…In mammals, levamisole is well absorbed when given orally and is excreted relatively rapidly in the urine (Barragry, 1984a). There are no data available on the absorption or primary excretion pathways of levamisole in birds, but the drug concentrates in the liver following oral dosing in chickens (FAO/WHO, 1991), and residues are found in the eggs of laying hens for up to 2 weeks after treatment (El‐Kholy & Kemppainen, 2005).…”

Section: Overview Of the Drug Classesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetics of veterinary drugs in laying hens and residues in eggs: a review of the literature

Goetting¹,

Lee²,

Tell³

2011

Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics

152

135

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Goetting, V., Lee, K. A., Tell, L. A. Pharmacokinetics of veterinary drugs in laying hens and residues in eggs: a review of the literature. J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap.34, 521–556. Poultry treated with pharmaceutical products can produce eggs contaminated with drug residues. Such residues could pose a risk to consumer health. The following is a review of the information available in the literature regarding drug pharmacokinetics in laying hens, and the deposition of drugs into eggs of poultry species, primarily chickens. The available data suggest that, when administered to laying hens, a wide variety of drugs leave detectable residues in eggs laid days to weeks after the cessation of treatment.

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Levamisole residues in chicken tissues and eggs

Cited by 26 publications

References 5 publications

Oxidative stress and the effect of parasites on a carotenoid-based ornament

Oxidative stress and the effect of parasites on a carotenoid-based ornament

Antimicrobial drug residues in poultry products and implications on public health: A review

Pharmacokinetics of veterinary drugs in laying hens and residues in eggs: a review of the literature

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