Level of Aspiration, Locus of Control and N-Achievement in Retardates and Normal Children

Abstract

An exploratory study compared 49 educable retardates with 20 third and 19 sixth grade normal children on measures of locus of control, level of aspiration, and n-Achievement. The results were consistent with a developmental progression, sixth graders scoring more internal in locus of control and more realistic in level of aspiration than third graders. The retardates who were chronologically older than the sixth graders tended to resemble third graders on these various measures.

Locus of Control and Sex Offenders With an Intellectual Disability

“…However, the current results, and previous studies (Gardner, Warren & Gardner, 1977;Koscielak, 1988;Riedel & Milgram, 1970;Wehmeyer, 1994;Wehmeyer & Palmer, 1997) suggest that people with intellectual disabilities, including those who are sex offenders (Rose et al, 2002) may endorse an external locus of control regardless, and this raises some interesting questions for how locus of control is related to treatment outcome for people with intellectual disabilities.…”

“…Secondly, there may be issues associated with the sensitivity of the measure for detecting change within a population of people with intellectual disabilities. Given the marked evidence suggesting that people with intellectual disabilities endorse an external locus of control (Gardner, Warren & Gardner, 1977;Koscielak, 1988;Riedel & Milgram, 1970;Wehmeyer, 1994;Wehmeyer & Palmer, 1997), it may be the case that changes in locus of control occur as a result of treatment but the Nowicki-Strickland Internal External Locus of Control Scale is not sensitive enough to detect these changes. This would again suggest that the instrument is not entirely valid for use with people with intellectual disabilities.…”

“…Locus of control would appear to be an important factor that affects treatment outcome for several groups, including sex offenders (Fisher et al, 1998), drug users (Dekel et al, 2004), and adolescent offenders (Page & Scalora, 2004). People with intellectual disabilities appear to generally endorse an external locus of control (Gardner, Warren & Gardner, 1977;Koscielak, 1988;Riedel & Milgram, 1970;Wehmeyer, 1994;Wehmeyer & Palmer, 1997), and this subsequently raises questions about how locus of control is related to treatment outcome for offenders with intellectual disabilities.…”

“…Considering people with an intellectual disability, there are a variety of studies which report that people with intellectual disabilities generally endorse an external locus of control (Gardner, Warren & Gardner, 1977;Koscielak, 1988;Riedel & Milgram, 1970;Wehmeyer, 1994;Wehmeyer & Palmer, 1997).…”

Revisión del constructo lugar de control a partir de sus instrumentos de evaluación sobre poblaciones infantiles

“…Esta hipotesis se ve confirmada por el estudio del propio autor de la escala, que obtiene una correlacion significativa con la edad cronologica y con la edad mental, 0,37 y 0,56, respectivamente. Tambien son significativos los resultados en torno a esta variable, cuando se objetiviza a partir del grado de escolarizacion de los sujetos (Pawlicki, 1974;Penk, 1969) y de su capacidad verbal (Bialer, 1961;Penk, 1969;Riedel y Milgram, 1970).…”