Level of Depression and Anxiety on Quality of Life Among Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis

Abstract

Background Despite the growing concern worldwide regarding the quality of life (QoL) and mental well-being among chronic kidney disease (CKD), a few research has been done to address this issue. The study aims to measure depression, anxiety, and QoL prevalence among Jordanian patients with End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) on hemodialysis and how all of these variables are correlated. Methods This is a cross-sectional, interview-based study on patients at the Jordan University Hospital (JUH) dialysis unit. Sociodemographic factors were collected, and the prevalence of depression, anxiety disorder, and QOL was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ9), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD7), and the WHOQOL-BREF, respectively. Results In a study of 66 patients, 92.4% had depression, and 83.3% had generalised anxiety disorder. Females had significantly higher depression scores than males (mean = 6.2 ± 3.77 vs 2.9 ± 2.8, p < 0.001), and single patients had significantly higher anxiety scores than married patients (mean = 6.1 ± 6 vs 2.9 ± 3.5, p = 0.03). Age was positively correlated with depression scores (rs= 0.269, p = 0.03), and QOL domains showed an indirect correlation with GAD7 and PHQ9 scores. Males had higher physical functioning scores than females (mean = 64.82 vs 58.87, p = 0.016), and patients who studied in universities had higher physical functioning scores than those with only school education (mean of College/University = 78.81 vs mean of School Education = 66.46, p = 0.046). Patients taking <5 medications had higher scores in the environmental domain (p = 0.025). Conclusion The high prevalence of depression, GAD, and low QOL in ESRD patients on dialysis highlights the need for caregivers to provide psychological support and counselling for these patients and their families. This can promote psychological health and prevent the onset of psychological disorders.

Mapping the global research landscape on depression for patients with chronic kidney disease: a bibliometric and visualized analysis from 2006 to 2022

“…Furthermore, lots of studies mainly focused on the association between CKD and depression, clinical outcomes and quality of life of the patients with CKD ( Alshelleh et al, 2023 ; Huang et al, 2023 ; Zhu et al, 2023 ), which suggesting that there have been growing concerns on CKD with depression in the last decade. However, researches related to the treatment of CKD in combination with depression remains insufficient.…”

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“…Similarly, a 2023 study by Alshelleh and colleagues in Indonesia found that the majority of participants (92.4%) had depression and 83.3% had generalized anxiety disorder, factors that severely impacted their QoL [ 23 ].…”

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“…These challenges include grappling with a life-threatening diagnosis, enduring lifelong treatment, navigating various dialysis techniques, and coping with the side effects and complications of treatment. Consequently, the management of CKD and ESRD extends beyond the clinical aspects of the condition, necessitating a holistic approach that prioritizes and maintains the patient’s QoL from diagnosis to EOL care [ 22 ].…”