Level of tobacco dependence among tobacco users in an urban slum of Puducherry: A pilot study

Naik, Bijaya Nanda; Majella, Marie Gilbert; Parthibane, S; Kar, Sitanshu Sekhar

doi:10.4103/2249-4863.220000

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The current study showed that 56% smokers and 44% smokeless tobacco users purchase tobacco products from their workplace, which emphasizes that stricter laws should be implemented to disallow sale of tobacco near the workplace, to enable a tobacco free environment [32]. Dependency on nicotine according to the FNTD scale revealed 77.3% of the smokers were highly dependent on nicotine, compared to 22.7% smokeless tobacco users, revealing dependence on nicotine was higher among smokers, the results are similar to various other studies conducted [33][34][35]. The attempt to quit rate was low among the smoker participants compared to the smokeless tobacco participants due to relapse in the habit because of psychological stress being the main reason, which coincides with the findings of another study [36][37][38], which could be seen as a lack of personal and professional help.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Assessment of Nicotine Dependence, Cotinine Level and Carbon Monoxide Levels among Tobacco Users Employed in Private Automobile Companies in Chennai

Barma

Kumar

2020

JPRI

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Background and Aim: Tobacco is a leading preventable cause of death which causes death of six millions each year worldwide. One of the most effective methods of preventing this are tobacco counseling sessions as it provides a platform for the patient and the dental professionals to map out a plan for the patient to lead a tobacco free life. Therefore, the study was conducted to assess nicotine dependence, cotinine level and carbon monoxide levels among tobacco users employed in private automobile companies in Chennai. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Subject and Methods: A cross sectional study of 53 males was conducted among automobile company employees, using simple random sampling technique in Chennai, India. A detailed questionnaire assessing their demographic data, pattern of usage of tobacco, Fagerstrom test for Nicotine Dependence was recorded, carbon monoxide levels were recorded using Smokerlyzer, and presence of urine cotinine was recorded. Descriptive statistics and Chi square test were used to analyze the data. Results: The mean age of the study participants was 31.7±11.32. Prevalence of smoking tobacco (64.20%) was higher among the study participants. Majority of the smoker study participants were highly dependent on tobacco, according to the FNTD scale. No statistical significance was found between dependency on nicotine and carbon monoxide levels among users of smoking tobacco (p <0.05). A statistical significant association (p <0.05) was found between dependency on nicotine and presence of urine cotinine among smokers. Conclusion: High level of nicotine dependence was observed in the smoker participants, and cotinine in urine was found to be a prominent marker of nicotine among users of smoking tobacco. Carbon monoxide levels were high among people with higher dependency on smoking.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Assessment of Nicotine Dependence, Cotinine Level and Carbon Monoxide Levels among Tobacco Users Employed in Private Automobile Companies in Chennai

Barma

Kumar

2020

JPRI

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“…Almost similar result found in studies carried out in different study settings such as North India, Bhavnagar, Delhi, Ranchi, Bangalore, Pondicherry and Thanjuvar. 30,15,21,31,28,32,33 However Bhavesh Modi et al study was conducted in the urban area of Jamnagar, revealed that the mean age of tobacco initiation was found to be 27 years. 34 Results emphasize that the early initiation of tobacco consumption might be due to educational stress, lack of awareness, promotion through advertising and any family member or peer pressure who has a habit of tobacco smoking.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Cross-Sectional Study to Estimate Dependence among Tobacco Smokers Attending a Tertiary Care Government Hospital in Bhavnagar, Western India

Trivedi

Rupani

2022

Natl J Community Med

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Background: India is one of the countries where addiction to tobacco smoking is rampant. The consumption of tobacco products is quite high in the Bhavnagar region in the western part of India. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional hospital-based study among 112 current tobacco smokers aged ≥18 years in April-May 2019 at Sir Takhtsinhji hospital in Bhavnagar. Fourteen smokers from each ward of the hospital were enrolled from eight randomly selected wards. Dependence was assessed using the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence, with a score of ≥5 labelled as high dependence. Results: Among the 112 current smokers, 79% (95% confidence interval 70%-85%) were dependent on tobacco smoking. One-fourth of the smokers belonged to the age group of 51-60 years.“Mawa” (a mixture of tobacco, betel nut and lime) was the most commonly consumed smokeless form of tobacco among the smokers. Mean expenditure on tobacco smoking was Indian Rupees 460. Those who had stress had 7 times higher odds (95% CI 3-23) of being dependent on tobacco smoking than their counterparts. Conclusion: We conclude from the study that patients attending our hospital are highly dependent on tobacco smoking. Tobacco cessation activities in the form of provider-initiated counselling and treatment is warranted. Further research should focus on evaluating the implementation modalities and effectiveness of such provider-initiated activities.

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“…22 Researchers suggested the factors like an initiation of tobacco use in the early age, lower socioeconomic status, lower literacy level and use of smokeless tobacco make people more attributed to nicotine dependence. 10 Therefore, it is important to plan health education programs for tobacco cessation especially focused on the younger population as they are prone to tobacco addiction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8,9 Researchers suggested that lower socio-economic people have a comparatively higher dependency on tobacco, lower quitting rate and the withdrawal symptoms are quite common in these population. 10 Recently, it was reported that smokeless tobacco users were tend to more dependent on nicotine; this may be attributed to its easy availability and lack of awareness for health risks related to smokeless tobacco use. 11,12 The study was conducted to find out the patterns of tobacco use (smoked and chewing), to ascertain smokeless tobacco use and its level of dependence among the urban slum population of Jodhpur.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smokeless tobacco and its dependence among the urban-slum population of Jodhpur city

Joshi¹,

Chakraborty²,

Joshi³

et al. 2021

Int J Community Med Public Health

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Background: Socio-economic status can be an important determinant for patterns of tobacco consumption and its related health risks. Easy availability and affordable price may lead to the indulgence of smokeless tobacco; this deprived the section of society towards addiction of smokeless tobacco. Therefore, this study was conducted to ascertain smokeless tobacco use and its dependence in urban slum population of Jodhpur city.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in the urban-slum population of Jodhpur in 2019. A cluster sampling strategy was used to collect data from 1200 participants in different slums of Jodhpur city. The semi-structured questionnaire was used to obtain information on tobacco usage and willingness to quit.Results: Out of surveyed 1200 participants, 48.5% were males and 51.4% were females. 65.7% of the tobacco users reported in study population. Among tobacco user’s majority were using smokeless tobacco (75.4%), followed by 14.8% dual tobacco users and 9.8% were smoking tobacco. Out of female and male tobacco users, 95% females and 86.3% males were using smokeless forms of tobacco respectively. The frequency of daily tobacco use, time of tobacco chewing, duration of tobacco use was significantly associated with gender. No significant association was found between willingness to quit and gender.Conclusions: Smokeless tobacco was prevalent as compared to smoking form in urban-slums of Jodhpur city. Younger population and women were more attracted towards smokeless tobacco and willingness to quit tobacco was equally prevalent among males and females. An effective health education strategy for tobacco cessation should be designed according to age and gender of urban-slums.

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Level of tobacco dependence among tobacco users in an urban slum of Puducherry: A pilot study

Cited by 9 publications

References 16 publications

Assessment of Nicotine Dependence, Cotinine Level and Carbon Monoxide Levels among Tobacco Users Employed in Private Automobile Companies in Chennai

Assessment of Nicotine Dependence, Cotinine Level and Carbon Monoxide Levels among Tobacco Users Employed in Private Automobile Companies in Chennai

Cross-Sectional Study to Estimate Dependence among Tobacco Smokers Attending a Tertiary Care Government Hospital in Bhavnagar, Western India

Smokeless tobacco and its dependence among the urban-slum population of Jodhpur city

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