Level of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes and Density of Infiltrating Immune Cells in Different Malignancies

Castañeda, Carlos A.; Castillo, Miluska; Aliaga, Karina; Bernabe, Luis A.; Casavilca, Sandro; Sanchez, Joselyn; Torres‐Cabala, Carlos A.; Gómez, Henry; López, Luis Alberto Moreno; Dunstan, Jorge; Cotrina, José M.; Abugattas, Julio; Chavez, Ivan; Ruíz, Eloy; Montenegro, Paola; Rojas, V. Failoc; Orrego, Enrique; Gálvez-Nino, Marco; Felix, Brayam; Landa-Baella, Maria; Vidaurre, Tatiana; Villa, Maria Rosaria; Zevallos, Rocio; Taxa, Luis; Guerra, Henry

doi:10.2217/bmm-2019-0178

Cited by 17 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…24 However, inhibition of STAT3 pathway has been proven both to reduce the tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and response to checkpoint inhibitors, 25 and to interfere with the lymphocyte tumor-inhibitory Th1 pathway. 22 Since immunosurveillance is a major driver of survival in solid cancers, 26 we hypothesize that exposure to ruxolitinib in patients with SC might have favored cancer progression in a subgroup of SC patients. We therefore suggest caution in the use of checkpoint inhibitors concurrently with ruxolitinib in MPN patients developing SC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Second cancers in MPN: Survival analysis from an international study

et al. 2019

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One out of ten patients with Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) develop a second cancer (SC): in such patients we aimed at assessing the survival impact of SC itself and of MPN-specific therapies. Data were therefore extracted from an international nested case-control study, recruiting 798 patients with SC diagnosed concurrently or after the MPN. Overall, 2995 person-years (PYs) were accumulated and mortality rate (MR) since SC diagnosis was 5.9 (5.1-6.9) deaths for every 100 PYs. A "poor prognosis" SC (stomach, esophagus, liver, pancreas, lung, ovary, head-and-neck or nervous system, osteosarcomas, multiple myeloma, aggressive lymphoma, acute leukemia) was reported in 26.3% of the patients and was the

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Second cancers in MPN: Survival analysis from an international study

et al. 2019

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“…Using the methods of International Immuno-Oncology Biomarker Working Group, a study has correlated the levels of TILs with clinicopathological features in different malignancies [5]. TIL levels in this study were higher in invasive margin compartments, intratumoral and stromal compartments, and predicted survival.…”

Section: Role Of Biomarkers In Personalized Immuno-oncologymentioning

confidence: 86%

Personalized Immuno-Oncology

Jain¹

2020

Med Princ Pract

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Cancer immunotherapy, which aims to control the immune system to eradicate cancer cells and prevent their spread, needs to be personalized because anticancer immune responses can be inhibited in several ways that vary from patient to patient. Cancer immunotherapy includes pharmaceuticals such as immune checkpoint inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) as well as cell therapy, immunogene therapy, and vaccines. Combination of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death protein ligand 1 (PD-L1) drugs with other immunotherapy drugs, for example, antibody-drug conjugates, as well as combination of PD-1/PD-L1 drugs with other therapies, for example, chemotherapy and radiation therapy, are being explored. Biomarkers are important for predicting the response to immunotherapy. Molecular diagnostics and sequencing are important technologies for guiding treatment in immuno-oncology. Genomic profiling of tumor mutational burden may enhance the predictive utility of PD-L1 expression and facilitate personalized combination immunotherapy. Optimization of personalized immuno-oncology requires integration of several technologies and selection of those best suited for an individual patient. Advances in immuno-oncology are also attributed to technologies for targeted delivery of anticancer therapeutics such as antigen-capturing nanoparticles for precision targeting and selective delivery. A breakthrough in cell therapy of cancer is a chimeric antigen receptors-T cell, which combines the antigen-binding site of a MAb with the signal activating machinery of a T cell, freeing antigen recognition from major histocompatibility complex restriction. Gene-editing tools such as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats have a promising application for removing alloreactivity and decreasing immunogenicity of third-party T cells. In conclusion, personalized immuno-oncology is one of the most promising approaches to management of cancer.

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“…Since these immune cells outside the tumor borders are not always clearly distinguishable from TAICs at the invasive front, they can be recorded as “TAICs at invasive front,” resulting in overestimation of the number of TAICs 18 . Furthermore, the definition of invasive margin is not always clear and may differ between studies 24‐26 . Further studies are, therefore, warranted to validate the appropriate area in which to count CD8 + T cells for the accurate evaluation of immune phenotypes characterized by CD8 + T‐cell infiltration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…18 Furthermore, the definition of invasive margin is not always clear and may differ between studies. [24][25][26] Further studies are, therefore, warranted to validate the appropriate area in which to count CD8 + T cells for the accurate evaluation of immune phenotypes characterized by CD8 + T-cell infiltration. The extent and mechanism by which the expression of PD-1 in TAICs has prognostic and predictive effects in cancer patients has remained unknown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical significance of tumor‐associated immune cells in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma

et al. 2020

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Background: The expression of PD-L1 in tumor cells and infiltration of tumor-associated immune cells (TAICs) might reflect the tumor biology of head and neck cancer. We aimed to characterize their prognostic roles in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs). Methods: We enrolled 103 OSCC patients who underwent definitive surgery. Immune expression levels of PD-L1, PD-1, CD3, CD4, CD8, and CD68 were assessed in surgically resected specimens. We evaluated the effects of immune marker expression and localization on survival outcomes. Results: Multivariate analysis results adjusted by the pathological stage, resection margin, and extracapsular extension showed that a high number of PD-1 + TAICs and intratumoral CD68 + TAICs were independent positive and negative prognostic markers (hazard ratio: 0.20 and 4.15, respectively; P = .02 and .01, respectively). Conclusion: PD-1 + TAICs in the tumor microenvironment and CD68 + TAICs in the intratumoral area could act as novel biomarkers for predicting overall survival outcomes in OSCC patients.

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Level of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes and Density of Infiltrating Immune Cells in Different Malignancies

Cited by 17 publications

References 29 publications

Second cancers in MPN: Survival analysis from an international study

Second cancers in MPN: Survival analysis from an international study

Personalized Immuno-Oncology

Clinical significance of tumor‐associated immune cells in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma

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