Levelised cost of storage comparison of energy storage systems for use in primary response application

Mugyema, M.; Botha, C.D.; Kamper, Maarten J.; Wang, Rong‐Jie; Sebitosi, A.B.

doi:10.1016/j.est.2022.106573

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…A linear electric machine gravity energy storage system is a type of mechanical energy storage system under the gravity storage classification [13], where a linear machine moves a piston mass up and down a shaft during the charging and discharging of electrical energy. Vertical shafts can be above ground or underground, making use of decommissioned deep mine shafts in the case of South Africa.…”

Section: Description Of the Lem-gessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The LCOS is a good indicator that allows for the comparison of energy storage systems with different lifespans. The LCOS metric is of the form given in [13] as:…”

Section: Design Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Assuming a similar housing structure, the cost contribution of the LEM-GESS shaft housing structure and excavation cost of the shaft (considering the underground system) to the CAPEX is the same for all four machines. A 20 MW/10 MWh energy storage system for primary frequency response application is considered with an effective shaft depth of 1000 m, 74 hexagonal piston iron masses, and structural and excavation costs, as in [13].…”

Section: System Mass and Costmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Primary response entails the correction of frequency fluctuations within the power network [12]. In [13], the LEM-GESS was subjected to a comparative analysis with other energy storage systems used for primary response, namely, lithium-ion, vanadium, lead acid, and flywheel energy storage systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Through this systematic exploration, this study aims to provide valuable insights into the selection and optimization of linear electric machines for gravity energy storage systems. This research focuses solely on assessing the performance of the energy storage system when used for the primary response application with the assumption of a consistent electrical energy price and a fixed number of charge-discharge cycles per year [13]. Additionally, we presume uniformity in the shaft structure housing the LEM-GESS across all the examined drive units.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance and Cost Comparison of Drive Technologies for a Linear Electric Machine Gravity Energy Storage System

Mugyema,

Kamper,

Wang

et al. 2024

IEEE Access

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Energy storage is a crucial technology for facilitating the integration of renewable energy sources (RES), such as wind and solar energy, into the electrical grid. The challenge of maintaining a balance between incoming and outgoing grid power can be effectively addressed by integrating energy storage technologies with inherently intermittent RES. A range of viable options for storing energy from RES currently exists, among which the Linear Electric Machine Gravity Energy Storage System (LEM-GESS) stands out as a promising choice. The LEM-GESS stores energy in a shaft using piston masses based on the concept of gravity. This paper presents the performance and cost analysis of different linear machines employed as the main drive units in a dry gravity energy storage system. Specifically, linear permanent magnet flux switching machines demonstrate the best performance in terms of overall system cost when considering a 20 MW/10 MWh system and optimizing for the minimum levelized cost of storage (LCOS). Noteworthy findings reveal that the LEM-GESS cost is highly sensitive to system efficiency, with factors such as material cost and power factor also influencing the LCOS. Designs with modest secondary height, low usage of copper and magnet materials on the primary of the LEM, and a high power factor are preferred to minimize the LCOS. In conclusion, the LEM-GESS with a permanent magnet machine drive option is a highly promising and cost-effective technology for supporting the integration of RES into the grid.

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Section: Description Of the Lem-gessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The LCOS is a good indicator that allows for the comparison of energy storage systems with different lifespans. The LCOS metric is of the form given in [13] as:…”

Section: Design Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: System Mass and Costmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations