Levelized Cost of Charging Electric Vehicles in the United States

Borlaug, Brennan; Salisbury, Shawn; Gerdes, Mindy; Muratori, Matteo

doi:10.1016/j.joule.2020.05.013

Cited by 107 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The work in Reference 15, indicated that the cost of charging an electric vehicle at a charging point located in Italy and composed of a photovoltaic system can be around 0.21 US $/kWh in the moments when the sun is not used, and around 0.08 US $/kWh for a sunny day in August, for example. Reference 20 found charging values for electric vehicles in the United States that vary between 0.08 and 0.27 US $/kWh for charging electric vehicles, noting that the national average for charging the batteries of this type of car is around 0.15 US $/kWh, which is the average price of kWh for residential consumption in the country. In the four studies, the average residential tariff is about 0.18 US $/kWh, excluding taxes it is about 0.14 US $/kWh.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to concerns with the specific tariff models to be applied to charging points for electric vehicles, the literature also discusses still open questions about this new activity in the sector, as in Reference 19, which addresses the issue from the allocation of energy in the EVs and the establishment of an operating policy based on the optimization between network resources and renewable systems. In Reference 20, the authors pointed out that the costs related to EV charging can be modified according to the time of day, region, and different energy levels, and thus determined an average cost to charge EVs in the United States, in addition to comparing these costs with other inputs, such as gasoline. Reference 21 indicates that comparisons with other types of fuels, such as gasoline, can boost the adoption of EVs and generate a sense of economic well‐being.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of solar and wind energy installations at electric vehicle charging stations in a region in Brazil and their impact on pricing using an optimized sale price model

et al. 2020

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Electric vehicles are becoming more popular in the automobile sector since questions about the environment and quality of life have become increasingly important. New ways of commercializing energy should be regulated, like the sale prices applied to service stations for electric vehicles. This study adopted a model for calculating tariffs at a charging station using the optimized tariff methodology-Tarot, a new application for this method. The charging station proposed uses an alternative energy generation system comprised of photovoltaic panels and wind turbines. We evaluated four regions in Brazil with different solar and wind potentials. This is done to see how the tariff can be impacted by the use of natural resources. As a result, we indicate that the application of the Tarot methodology adapted to the concept of charging electric vehicles from the use of renewable sources becomes an opportunity for the sector to apply a tariff adjusted to national regulatory guidelines and to provide a better cost/benefit for the consumer. Of the four regions analyzed, Region 2 proved to be the best region for the implementation of this type of enterprise with the use of a wind and solar distributed generator. The difference in billing value with the average tariff applied with the aid of the distributed system and purely energy network reaches 6% in Region 2. If the photovoltaic generation is added in 30% in this location, it can cause a reduction of up to 7% in the tariff for the sale of energy to vehicles.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of solar and wind energy installations at electric vehicle charging stations in a region in Brazil and their impact on pricing using an optimized sale price model

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This value may be deducted from the total cost if considered. Some assumptions are made such as ignoring the vehicle residual value mainly because some data are not available conventionally for residual value of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) [35][36][37]. Consequently, the general equation for levelized cost is written as follows:…”

Section: Flywheel Energy Storage System (Fess)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of Microgrids and Electric Vehicle Technologies in the National Grid as the Key Enabler to the Sustainable Development for Rwanda

Bimenyimana

Wang

Nduwamungu

et al. 2021

International Journal of Photoenergy

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Rwanda is an East African Community (EAC) nation with rapid and remarkable past development in different sectors and still with the ambitious targets and plans to be achieved in the coming years ahead. The government plans universal electricity access by 2024 with 52% grid connection and 48% off-grid connections. In the transport sector, the concept of electric vehicles has been initiated and started in order to contribute to the UN Paris agreement and decrease the reliance of the transport sector on gaseous fuels which are one source of air pollutants leading to climate change, premature deaths, and morbidity associated with poor air quality. With higher electricity demand than the generation of the Rwandan power grid, different energy strategies are being developed with the overall objective to achieve the targeted universal energy access. In order to overcome the aforementioned issue, this paper proposes an integration of solar PV microgrids for the satisfaction of electric vehicle (EV) technology in Rwanda. Using HOMER Grid software, a managed EV charging station is simulated to a grid connected solar PV microgrid with storage in order to assess the economic impact. The results show that the proposed technology can lower the levelized cost (LCOE) of electricity by 139.7%. This study can contribute to further research developments in either different perspectives related to the integration of distributed energy resources (DERs) with electric vehicles or studies related to affordable and environment-energy systems.

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“…Figure 1 describes the basic charging infrastructure for the electric vehicles with the level of charging at each charging station [28]. Figure 2 shows the charging infrastructure for EVs with different charging station configuration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review on Developments in Electric Vehicle Charging Station Infrastructure and Present Scenario of India

et al. 2021

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The transportation sector of the world is in the transformation stage, shifting from conventional fossil fuel-powered vehicles to zero or ultra-low tailpipe emission vehicles. To support this transformation, a proper charging station (CS) infrastructure in combination with information technology, smart distributed energy generating units, and favorable government policies are required. The motive of this paper is to address the key aspects to be taken care of while planning for the charging station infrastructure for electric vehicles. The paper also provides major indagation and developments in planning and technological aspects that are going on for the enhancement of the design and efficient management of charging station infrastructure. The paper addresses the present scenario of India related to electric vehicle charging station developments. The paper specially provides a critical review on the research and developments in the charging station infrastructure, the problems associated with it, and the efforts that are going on for its standardization to help the researchers address the problems.

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Levelized Cost of Charging Electric Vehicles in the United States

Cited by 107 publications

References 28 publications

Analysis of solar and wind energy installations at electric vehicle charging stations in a region in Brazil and their impact on pricing using an optimized sale price model

Analysis of solar and wind energy installations at electric vehicle charging stations in a region in Brazil and their impact on pricing using an optimized sale price model

Integration of Microgrids and Electric Vehicle Technologies in the National Grid as the Key Enabler to the Sustainable Development for Rwanda

A Comprehensive Review on Developments in Electric Vehicle Charging Station Infrastructure and Present Scenario of India

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