Levels and Chemical Forms of Heavy Metals in Soils from Red River Delta, Vietnam

Phương, Nguyễn Minh; Kang, Youngnam; Sakurai, Katsutoshi; Iwasaki, Katsurô; Kien, Chu Ngoc; Noi, Nguyen Van; Sơn, Lê Thanh

doi:10.1007/s11270-009-0139-0

Cited by 38 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Top figure: Core R2, bottom figure: Core R4 local soil and water environments (Huong et al 2007). In addition, Phuong et al (2010) observed high concentrations of trace elements (Pb, Cu, Zn) in the top layers of rice paddy soils near smelting and recycling Pb and Zn factories. Moreover, they also showed that the intensive utilization of N-P-K fertilizer in agriculture, which often includes Zn, Cu, B, Mo, Co, and other trace elements, likely attributed to the high trace element concentrations in the soil environment.…”

Section: Historical Profiles Of Trace Element Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Subsequently, a substantial quantity of these trace elements in the RRD watershed can be annually transported from the main waterway of the RR to coastal areas. The high concentrations of trace elements (Ag, Pb, Zn, Cu, V, Mn, Co, Cd, Sb, and Sn) in the mangrove sediments can therefore most likely be attributed to the discharge of untreated effluent from industrial activities (e.g., mechanical, chemical, zinc smelt, and steel works), and drainage from agriculture in the RRD (Huong et al 2007;Phuong et al 2010).…”

Section: Historical Profiles Of Trace Element Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Historical Profiles of Trace Element Concentrations in Mangrove Sediments from the Ba Lat Estuary, Red River, Vietnam

Tuệ

Quy

Amano

et al. 2011

Water Air Soil Pollut

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Historical profiles of trace element concentrations were reconstructed from two mangrove sediment cores collected within the Ba Lat Estuary (BLE), Red River, Vietnam. Chronologies of sediment cores were determined by the 210 Pb method, which showed that each respective sediment core from the south and north entrances of BLE provided a record of sediment accumulation spanning approximately 100 and 60 years. The profiles of Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, V, Co, Sb, and Sn concentrations markedly increased from the years of the 1920s-1950s, and leveled out from 1950s-1980s, and then gradually decreased from 1980s to present. The profiles of Cd and Ag concentrations increased from 1920s-1940s, and then decreased from 1940s to present. The profile of Mo concentrations progressively increased from 1920s-1980s, then decreased to present. The Mn concentrations failed to show a clear trend in both sediment cores. Results from contamination factors, Pearson's correlation, and hierarchical cluster analysis suggest that the trace elements were likely attributed to discharge of untreated effluents from industry, domestic sewage, as well as non-point sources. Pollution Load Index (PLI) revealed levels higher than other mangrove sediment studies, and the longterm variations in PLI matched significant socioeconomic shifts and population growth in Vietnam. Geoaccumulation Index showed that mangrove sediments were moderately polluted by Pb and Ag, and from unpolluted to moderately polluted by Zn, Cu, and Sb. The concentrations of Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, and Cd exceeded the threshold effect levels and effect range low concentrations of sediment quality guidelines, implying that the sediments may be occasionally associated with adverse biological effects to benthic organisms.

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Section: Historical Profiles Of Trace Element Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Historical Profiles Of Trace Element Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Historical Profiles of Trace Element Concentrations in Mangrove Sediments from the Ba Lat Estuary, Red River, Vietnam

Tuệ

Quy

Amano

et al. 2011

Water Air Soil Pollut

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“…Metals from anthropogenic sources tend to be more mobile than pedogenic or lithogenic ones (Phuong et al 2010).…”

Section: Metal Fractionationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of partition and redistribution indexes for heavy metal soil distribution after contamination with a multi-element solution

et al. 2011

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Purpose Tessier's sequential extraction method is usually used to study metal parting among different phases in soils. The main objective of this study was to determine the redistribution of trace metals which were added simultaneously to a sandy loam soil by use of the fractional distribution and reduced partition indexes and the risk of assessment code (RAC). Materials and methods Tessier's sequential extraction method was performed on the soil sample. After each extraction, the suspension was subjected to centrifugation and then filtrated. Heavy metal concentrations were determined in each fraction by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Also, the independent soil total metal concentrations were determined to assess metal recovery. To study the possible redistribution of heavy metals, the soil sample was contacted with a multi-element solution. Afterward, the Tessier's scheme was performed. Results and discussion The metal distribution pattern showed that the exchangeable fraction carried a very small percentage of the heavy metals, and the less mobile fractions the higher percentages. After metal enrichment, the metal content of the more mobile fractions was higher than for the natural soil. Results indicated that Cu was the most mobile whereas Zn, Ni, and Pb were less mobile. Application of the RAC index showed that Cu had to be considered highly dangerous, and Cd and Cr presented medium risk. After metal enrichment, the soil had a larger affinity for Cr. RAC values indicated an environmental high risk for Cr, Co, and Ni and a very high risk for Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb. The I R values of heavy metals in the natural soil confirmed that Zn, Ni, and Pb were the more strongly bound to the soil components, and Cu presented higher bioavailability. Whereas, in the metal-loaded soil, the I R values confirmed that Cr was the more strongly bound, and Pb, the more weakly bound. The I R values showed that in the loaded soil, the amount of metals in the exchangeable and carbonate fractions was higher and consequently more bioavailable. Conclusions It can be concluded that the contamination of soil with metals produced a shift of metals from more strongly bound fractions to weaker bound fractions, implying a higher environmental risk. More studies are needed in order to determine the effect of a higher level of metal loading on the soil distribution pattern and the effect of time on the redistribution of the adsorbed metals.

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“…The mangrove forest environment and ecosystem have deteriorated due to pressures from economic development upstream [2,20,21]. Previous studies in the RRD showed that heavy metals accumulate in the top soil layer of the mangrove forest [20] and that trace metal concentrations vary with land use [22]. There are five main land uses in the estuary, but the heavy metal concentrations of soil under these land uses have not been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arsenic and Heavy Metal Contamination in Soils under Different Land Use in an Estuary in Northern Vietnam

Van

Ozaki

Tho

et al. 2016

IJERPH

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Heavy metal contamination of soil and sediment in estuaries warrants study because a healthy estuarine environment, including healthy soil, is important in order to achieve ecological balance and good aquaculture production. The Ba Lat estuary of the Red River is the largest estuary in northern Vietnam and is employed in various land uses. However, the heavy metal contamination of its soil has not yet been reported. The following research was conducted to clarify contamination levels, supply sources, and the effect of land use on heavy metal concentrations in the estuary. Soil samples were collected from the top soil layer of the estuary, and their arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) concentrations were analyzed, as were other soil properties. Most soils in the estuary were loam, silt loam, or sandy loam. The pH was neutral, and the cation exchange capacity ranged from 3.8 to 20 cmol·kg−1. Manganese and iron concentrations averaged 811 µg·g−1 and 1.79%, respectively. The magnitude of the soil heavy metal concentrations decreased in the order of Zn > Pb > Cr > Cu > As > Cd. The concentrations were higher in the riverbed and mangrove forest than in other land-use areas. Except for As, the mean heavy metal concentrations were lower than the permissible levels for agricultural soils in Vietnam. The principal component analyses suggested that soil As, Pb, Zn, Cd, and Cu were of anthropogenic origin, whereas Cr was of non-anthropogenic origin. The spatial distribution of concentration with land use indicated that mangrove forests play an important role in preventing the spread of heavy metals to other land uses and in maintaining the estuarine environment.

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Levels and Chemical Forms of Heavy Metals in Soils from Red River Delta, Vietnam

Cited by 38 publications

References 24 publications

Historical Profiles of Trace Element Concentrations in Mangrove Sediments from the Ba Lat Estuary, Red River, Vietnam

Historical Profiles of Trace Element Concentrations in Mangrove Sediments from the Ba Lat Estuary, Red River, Vietnam

Use of partition and redistribution indexes for heavy metal soil distribution after contamination with a multi-element solution

Arsenic and Heavy Metal Contamination in Soils under Different Land Use in an Estuary in Northern Vietnam

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