Levels and distribution patterns of short chain chlorinated paraffins in sewage sludge of wastewater treatment plants in China

Zeng, Lixi; Wang, Thanh; Ruan, Ting; Liu, Qian; Wang, Yawei; Jiang, Guibin

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2011.09.004

Cited by 83 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…This study showed that total concentrations of antibiotics have no significant relationships with the individual parameters (p > 0.05). Similar results were also found in previous studies that the levels of targeted analytes, such as short chain chlorinated paraffins, and benzotriazole UV stabilizers, were not related to these WWTP characteristics Zeng et al, 2012). However, significant correlation between the total concentrations of antibiotics and the ratio of processing volume to serving population was found in this study (R = 0.333, P b 0.05) ( Table 3).…”

Section: Treatment Capacity Processing Volume and Serving Populationsupporting

confidence: 91%

Occurrence, distribution and potential affecting factors of antibiotics in sewage sludge of wastewater treatment plants in China

Shi

Gao

et al. 2013

Science of The Total Environment

213

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Section: Treatment Capacity Processing Volume and Serving Populationsupporting

confidence: 91%

Occurrence, distribution and potential affecting factors of antibiotics in sewage sludge of wastewater treatment plants in China

Shi

Gao

et al. 2013

Science of The Total Environment

213

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“…Removal efficiency of each unit is calculated as the ratio of M lost in each unit and M in transferred in each unit (eqn (2)). 42 M lost is the difference between the mass ux entering the unit (M in ) and leaving the unit (M out ) in the treatment line. For the primary and secondary clariers, the BZT-UVs adsorbed onto the sludge were included in the M lost .…”

Section: Mass Balance Calculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and removal of benzotriazole ultraviolet stabilizers in a wastewater treatment plant in China.

Song

Ruan

Wang

et al. 2014

Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts

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Benzotriazole ultraviolet stabilizers (BZT-UVs) have previously been found in sludge from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), which might be potential sources of BZT-UVs to the surrounding environment. In this work, the occurrence and fate of seven emerging 2-hydroxyphenyl substituted BZTUVs were investigated in a Chinese WWTP. This group of hydrophobic BZT-UVs possess log K ow values ranging from 4.31 to 7.67 which could be associated with their fate in WWTPs. Field samples including 24 h flow composites of influent, effluent and grab sludge samples from different treatment processes were collected and analyzed. Concentrations of BZT-UVs dissolved in aqueous-phases were in the range of 4.88 AE 1.35 (UV-234) to 34.5 AE 12.4 ng L À1 (UV-P) in the primary influent, while only UV-P and UV-328 were detected in the final effluent at concentrations of 10.5 AE 6.59 and 2.74 AE 1.73 ng L À1 , respectively. Considering the amount of target BZT-UVs adsorbed to total suspended solids (TSS), the daily mass flux in the primary influent of the WWTP ranged from 22.3 g day À1 (UV-P, 7.99%) to 74.0 g day À1 (UV-234, 26.5%). Total removal efficiency of the integrated treatment process ranged from 89.7% for UV-P to 99.7% for UV-234 suggesting nearly complete removal. Organic solid sedimentation in primary and secondary clarifiers was the dominant elimination route for BZT-UV analogues, which constituted 96.3% of the total removal efficiency. Advanced treatment (using ultraviolet disinfection) in this plant might further contribute to the high removal efficiencies (ranging from 19.6% to 77.3%). Environmental impactBenzotriazole UV stabilizers (BZT-UVs) have received increasing attention due to their potential environmental persistence and bioaccumulation properties. They are high production chemicals that are found in various consumer products. Research into the occurrence and behavior of various BZT-UVs in wastewater treatment plants is still scarce in China, especially for newly identied analogues such as UV-329 and UV-234. In this paper, a detailed investigation into the occurrence and removal of seven widely used BZT-UVs was performed to provide information on the quantity and routes of how BZT-UVs might enter the environment from wastewater treatment plants. Mass balance calculations are applied to both aqueous and solid phases to estimate the removal efficiency of each treatment process, and the possible mechanisms of removal are further discussed.

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“…This result is consistent with the regional distribution of SCCP production 28 and usage in China. 19,20 The concentrations of SCCPs at the two rural sites (CNR5 Huade and CNR18 Jianfeng Mountain) were significantly lower than those at the urban sites. Temporally, the air concentrations in fall were usually higher than those in spring (also see Figure 2).…”

Section: Spatial Distribution and Seasonal Variations The Spatial DImentioning

confidence: 99%

“…17 Although East Asia, and China in particular, is the largest producer and consumer of SCCPs in the world, 18 there have been relatively few studies of SCCPs in the environment in this region. Recently, a small number of studies have reported the distributions of SCCPs in a wastewater treatment plant 19 as well as sediments and soil 8,20−22 and have examined dietary exposure to humans. 23 However, these studies were confined to the meso-and microscale.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric Short-Chain Chlorinated Paraffins in China, Japan, and South Korea

Wang

et al. 2012

Environ. Sci. Technol.

110

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This study presents the first investigation of concentrations and congener group patterns of atmospheric short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) throughout East Asia. Based on an absorption rate calibration experiment, a spatial survey of SCCPs was performed using passive air samplers in China, Japan, and South Korea during two separate periods in 2008. The atmospheric concentrations of SCCPs in China were clearly greater than those in Japan and South Korea, both of which exceed the levels determined for other regions of the world. C 10 components were the most abundant type of SCCPs in China, whereas C 11 components were dominant in Japan and South Korea. With respect to the total chlorine content, Cl 6 and Cl 5 were the predominant compounds in China and Japan; however, Cl 6 and Cl 7 were predominant in South Korea. A similar pattern was also found for remote sites within China, Japan, and South Korea, respectively. Together with the back-trajectories calculated for the remote sites, the results indicate that the SCCPs in the air of East Asia were mainly influenced by local sources due to their relatively low long-range atmospheric transport potential compared to other POPs.

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Levels and distribution patterns of short chain chlorinated paraffins in sewage sludge of wastewater treatment plants in China

Cited by 83 publications

References 36 publications

Occurrence, distribution and potential affecting factors of antibiotics in sewage sludge of wastewater treatment plants in China

Occurrence, distribution and potential affecting factors of antibiotics in sewage sludge of wastewater treatment plants in China

Occurrence and removal of benzotriazole ultraviolet stabilizers in a wastewater treatment plant in China.

Atmospheric Short-Chain Chlorinated Paraffins in China, Japan, and South Korea

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