Levels and distributions of polychlorinated naphthalenes in sewage sludge of urban wastewater treatment plants

Guo, Li; Zhang, Bing; Xiao, Ke; Zhang, Qinghua; Zheng, Minghui

doi:10.1007/s11434-008-0129-4

Cited by 33 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 25 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…21 −23 The relative potency factors (RPFs) of individual PCN congeners to 2378-TCDD estimated in these studies have been used to evaluate the toxicity of PCNs. 14,24,25 In this study, the TEQs of PCNs were defined by the sum of the products of the concentration of each congener multiplied by its RPF reported by Noma et al 24 (Table S2 of the Supporting Information). The dioxin-like PCNs (dl-PCNs) were defined as those congeners whose toxic equivalent factors have been calculated (Table S2 of the Supporting Information).…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational Exposure to Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans, Dioxin-like Polychlorinated Biphenyls, and Polychlorinated Naphthalenes in Workplaces of Secondary Nonferrous Metallurgical Facilities in China

Zheng

Liu

et al. 2013

Environ. Sci. Technol.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ABSTRACT:The concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs), and polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) were determined in workplace air from eight secondary nonferrous metal processing plants to investigate occupational exposure to these toxic compounds. The total estimated daily intakes of PCDD/Fs and dlPCBs for workers by inhalation in the workplace were in the range of 0.15−9.91 and 0.13−8.59 pg of WHO-TEQ/kg of body weight (bw) for moderate and light activities, respectively. The daily inhalation doses for workers in the workplaces of three investigated plants exceeded the tolerable daily intake recommended by the World Health Organization. These results indicate that the risk of occupational exposure to dioxins by inhalation in the workplace of plants investigated was considerably high. For PCNs, the daily inhalation doses for workers in the workplace were in the range of 0.005−4.46 and 0.004−3.87 pg of TEQ/kg of bw for moderate and light activities, respectively, which were lower than those of dioxins. To identify the source of PCDD/Fs, PCBs, and PCNs in workplace air, their homologue profiles were compared with those in stack gas from the plants investigated. It was found that significant dioxin contamination in workplace air was mainly attributed to the emission of fugitive gas from smelting furnaces during reclamation processes. ■ INTRODUCTIONSecondary metal smelters primarily engage in the recovery of nonferrous metals and alloys from new and used scrap and dross. Scrap metal and metal wastes may contain organic materials, such as plastics, paints, and solvents. 1 High emissions of unintentionally produced persistent organic pollutants (UPPOPs) have been determined in stack gas of secondary nonferrous metal processing plants, caused by the combustion of these impurities in the presence of various types of metals during reclamation processes. 2−6 During the secondary nonferrous metal smelting process, the smelting furnace door would be open for feeding raw material, mixing, and other necessary operations. Therefore, fugitive UP-POP emissions can be directly released into the workplace air during the process. Several studies have been conducted to investigate polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran (PCDD/F) concentrations in the workplace air of some industrial thermal processes, such as sinter plants, municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWIs), and secondary aluminum and copper smelters. 7−10 Moreover, the results of these studies suggested that there was significant PCDD/F contamination in the workplace air of the industrial thermal process plants investigated. Shih et al. 8 investigated PCDD/F levels in the workplace atmosphere of a sinter plant, and their results indicated that PCDD/F concentrations in workplace air (0.55− 2.14 pg of I-TEQ/m 3 ) were obviously higher than that of the outside ambient environment (0.07 pg of I-TEQ/m 3 ). In a secondary aluminum smelter, PCDD/F concentrations during operation were ...

show abstract

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational Exposure to Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans, Dioxin-like Polychlorinated Biphenyls, and Polychlorinated Naphthalenes in Workplaces of Secondary Nonferrous Metallurgical Facilities in China

Zheng

Liu

et al. 2013

Environ. Sci. Technol.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…PCDD/Fs in the stack gas and particulate samples were analyzed by isotope dilution HRGC/HRMS [27][28][29]. Briefly, the samples were spiked with known amounts of 13 C 12 -PCDD/F internal standards (Wellington Laboratories, Guelph, Canada).…”

Section: Sample Extraction Cleanup and Instrumental Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Field pilot study on emissions, formations and distributions of PCDD/Fs from cement kiln co-processing fly ash from municipal solid waste incinerations

Liu

Zhan

Zheng

et al. 2015

Journal of Hazardous Materials

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…The dioxin-like toxicity of PCNs has been investigated in previous studies (Hanberg et al 1990;Blankenship et al 2000;Villeneuve et al 2000). The relative potency factors (RPFs) of individual PCN congeners to 2378-TCDD estimated in these studies have been used to evaluate the toxicity of PCNs (Noma et al 2004;Guo et al 2008;Liu et al 2009). In this study, the TEQs of PCNs were defined by the sum of the products of the concentration of each congener multiplied by its RPF reported by Noma et al (ESM Table S1).…”

Section: Concentration Of Pcns Emitted From Waste Incinerators Investmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of polychlorinated naphthalenes in stack gas emissions from waste incinerators

Zheng

et al. 2012

Environ Sci Pollut Res

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Nine typical waste incinerating plants were investigated for polychlorinated naphthalene (PCN) contents in their stack gas. The incinerators investigated include those used to incinerate municipal solid, aviation, medical, and hazardous wastes including those encountered in cement kilns. PCNs were qualified and quantified by isotope dilution high resolution gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry techniques. An unexpectedly high concentration of PCNs (13,000 ngNm −3 ) was found in the stack gas emitted from one waste incinerator. The PCN concentrations ranged from 97.6 to 874 ngNm −3 in the other waste incinerators. The PCN profiles were dominated by lower chlorinated homologues, with mono-to tetra-CNs being the main homologues present. Furthermore, the relationships between PCNs and other unintentional persistent organic pollutants involving polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans, polychlorinated biphenyls, hexachlorobenzene, and pentachlorobenzene were examined to ascertain the closeness or otherwise of their formation mechanisms. A good correlation was observed between ΣPCN (tetra-to octa-CN) and ΣPCDF (tetra-to octa-CDF) concentrations suggesting that a close relationship may exist between their formation mechanisms. The results would provide an improved understanding of PCN emissions from waste incinerators.

show abstract

Levels and distributions of polychlorinated naphthalenes in sewage sludge of urban wastewater treatment plants

Cited by 33 publications

References 25 publications

Occupational Exposure to Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans, Dioxin-like Polychlorinated Biphenyls, and Polychlorinated Naphthalenes in Workplaces of Secondary Nonferrous Metallurgical Facilities in China

Occupational Exposure to Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans, Dioxin-like Polychlorinated Biphenyls, and Polychlorinated Naphthalenes in Workplaces of Secondary Nonferrous Metallurgical Facilities in China

Field pilot study on emissions, formations and distributions of PCDD/Fs from cement kiln co-processing fly ash from municipal solid waste incinerations

Characterization of polychlorinated naphthalenes in stack gas emissions from waste incinerators

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About