Levels of Antibodies to Microorganisms Implicated in Atherosclerosis and of C-Reactive Protein among Atomic Bomb Survivors

Hakoda, Masayuki; Kasagi, Fumiyoshi; Kusunoki, Yoichiro; Matsuura, Shinsuke; Hayashi, Tomonori; Kyoizumi, Seishi; Akahoshi, Masazumi; Suzuki, Gen; Kodama, Kazunori; Fujiwara, Saeko

doi:10.1667/rr3589.1

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Dysregulation of the ET may be attributable to pathological processes causing NTG through proinflammatory signaling. Our current analysis did not find any relationship between changes in retinal vessel diameters and the C-reactive protein (CRP) of inflammatory marker; although a prior survey suggested that radiation exposure can lead to proinflammatory status in atomic bomb survivors 46,47 , which may result in development of radiation-related NTG.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 77%

Association between radiation, glaucoma subtype, and retinal vessel diameter in atomic bomb survivors

Kiuchi

Yanagi

Itakura

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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We examined the relationship between glaucoma subtype and retinal vascular caliber as markers of ocular circulation. Subjects were Japanese atomic bomb survivors in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. After a screening examination, potential cases were subjected to further definitive examination. The diameters of central retinal artery and vein equivalents (CRAE and CRVE) on digitized retinal photographs were measured using an established method. Generalized linear regression analyses were used to examine the associations among vessel diameters, radiation exposure, and prevalence of glaucoma subtypes among the study subjects. We identified 196 cases of glaucoma (12%) based on optic disc appearance, perimetry results, and other ocular findings. The main subtypes were primary angle-closure glaucoma, primary open-angle glaucoma and normal-tension glaucoma (NTG). NTG was the dominant subtype (78%). NTG was negatively associated with CRAE and CRVE, and positively associated with radiation dose. CRVE was negatively associated with radiation dose and the association was unclear for CRAE. The smaller retinal vessel caliber in NTG patients than in subjects without glaucoma may indicate an association between ocular blood flow and the pathogenesis of NTG. However, significant relationships among vessel calibers, NTG and radiation exposure were not clear.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 77%

Association between radiation, glaucoma subtype, and retinal vessel diameter in atomic bomb survivors

Kiuchi

Yanagi

Itakura

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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“…Irradiated macaques in the larger, broader age range cohort demonstrated long-standing decreases in platelet counts as well as dose-related increases in total peripheral blood white blood cell counts relative to control animals. Prior radiation exposure has been documented to increase peripheral white blood cell counts and chronic inflammation, as demonstrated by increased erythrocyte sedimentation rates in human survivors of atomic bomb blasts [41]. These increases in inflammation have been documented to occur via a variety of mechanisms, including direct damage to cells, cellular stress responses, endovascular injury that results in vascular leak, excessive activation of M1 pro-inflammatory macrophages, and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (reviewed in [42]).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late effects of total body irradiation on hematopoietic recovery and immune function in rhesus macaques

et al. 2019

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While exposure to radiation can be lifesaving in certain settings, it can also potentially result in long-lasting adverse effects, particularly to hematopoietic and immune cells. This study investigated hematopoietic recovery and immune function in rhesus macaques Cross-sectionally (at a single time point) 2 to 5 years after exposure to a single large dose (6.5 to 8.4 Gray) of total body radiation (TBI) derived from linear accelerator-derived photons (2 MeV, 80 cGy/minute) or Cobalt 60-derived gamma irradiation (60 cGy/min). Hematopoietic recovery was assessed through measurement of complete blood counts, lymphocyte subpopulation analysis, and thymus function assessment. Capacity to mount specific antibody responses against rabies, Streptococcus pneumoniae , and tetanus antigens was determined 2 years after TBI. Irradiated macaques showed increased white blood cells, decreased platelets, and decreased frequencies of peripheral blood T cells. Effects of prior radiation on production and export of new T cells by the thymus was dependent on age at the time of analysis, with evidence of interaction with radiation dose for CD8+ T cells. Irradiated and control animals mounted similar mean antibody responses to proteins from tetanus and rabies and to 10 of 11 serotype-specific pneumococcal polysaccharides. However, irradiated animals uniformly failed to make antibodies against polysaccharides from serotype 5 pneumococci, in contrast to the robust responses of non-irradiated controls. Trends toward decreased serum levels of anti-tetanus IgM and slower peak antibody responses to rabies were also observed. Taken together, these data show that dose-related changes in peripheral blood cells and immune responses to both novel and recall antigens can be detected 2 to 5 years after exposure to whole body radiation. Longer term follow-up data on this cohort and independent validation will be helpful to determine whether these changes persist or whether additional changes become evident with increasing time since radiation, particularly as animals begin to develop aging-related changes in immune function.

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“…Confounding is unlikely to be responsible for the difference, as controlling for smoking, alcohol consumption, diabetes, obesity, education, and occupation had almost no effect on the estimates in the LSS. Also, the Adult Health Study biennial examinations of a subset of atomic bomb survivors provide additional support for an effect of radiation on heart disease in this population through associations of radiation exposure with alterations in blood pressure (45) and preclinical cardiovascular disease effects, including inflammatory markers (46) and lipid metabolism (47). The nominal difference in risk per Gy may be due to the fact that irradiation of the breast cancer patients is fractionated (2).…”

Section: Current Knowledgementioning

confidence: 99%

Radiation-Related Heart Disease: Current Knowledge and Future Prospects

Darby¹,

Cutter

Boerma

et al. 2010

International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics

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547

374

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The heart has traditionally been considered a radio-resistant organ that would be unaffected by cardiac doses below about 30 Gray. During the last few years, however, evidence that radiation-related heart disease can occur following lower doses has emerged from several sources. These include studies of breast cancer patients, who received mean cardiac doses of 3–17 Gray when given radiotherapy following surgery, and studies of survivors of the atomic bombings of Japan who received doses of up to 4 Gray. At doses above 30 Gray, radiation-related heart disease may occur within a year or two of exposure and risk increases with higher radiotherapy dose, younger age at irradiation, and the presence of conventional risk factors. At lower doses the typical latent period is much longer and is often more than a decade. However, the nature and magnitude of the risk following lower doses is not well characterized, and it is not yet clear whether there is a threshold dose below which there is no risk. The evidence regarding radiation-related heart disease comes from several different disciplines. The present review brings together information from pathology, radiobiology, cardiology, radiation oncology and epidemiology. It summarises current knowledge, identifies gaps in that knowledge, and outlines some potential strategies for filling them. Further knowledge about the nature and magnitude of radiation-related heart disease would have immediate application in radiation oncology. It would also provide a basis for radiation protection policies for use in diagnostic radiology and occupational exposure.

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Levels of Antibodies to Microorganisms Implicated in Atherosclerosis and of C-Reactive Protein among Atomic Bomb Survivors

Cited by 10 publications

References 36 publications

Association between radiation, glaucoma subtype, and retinal vessel diameter in atomic bomb survivors

Association between radiation, glaucoma subtype, and retinal vessel diameter in atomic bomb survivors

Late effects of total body irradiation on hematopoietic recovery and immune function in rhesus macaques

Radiation-Related Heart Disease: Current Knowledge and Future Prospects

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