Levels of benzo(a)pyrene in oil shale industry wastes, some bodies of water in the Estonian S.S.R. and in water organisms.

Veldre, Ingeborg; Itra, A R; Paalme, Lia

doi:10.1289/ehp.7930211

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Some water pollution is received from the Slantsy oil shale processing plant in Russia. The main pollutants in the River Narva are sulfates, chlorides, oil products, heavy metals, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8). Approximately 0.8-1.2 million m3 highly alkaline waste water per year enters the Narva (7).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Oil shale processing as a source of aquatic pollution: monitoring of the biologic effects in caged and feral freshwater fish.

Tuvikene

Huuskonen

Koponen

et al. 1999

Environ Health Perspect

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The biologic effects of the oil shale industry on caged rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) as well as on feral perch (Perca fluviatilis) and roach (Rutilus rutilus) were studied in the River Narva in northeast Estonia. The River Narva passes the oil shale mining and processing area and thus receives elevated amounts of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), heavy metals, and sulfates. The effects of the chemical load were monitored by measuring cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A)-dependent monooxygenase (MO) activities [7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH)] as well as conjugation enzyme activities [glutathione S-transferase (GST) and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase] in the liver of fish. CYP1A induction was further studied by detecting the amount and occurrence of the CYP1A protein. Histopathology of tissues (liver, kidney, spleen, and intestine) and the percentage of micronuclei in fish erythrocytes were also determined. Selected PAHs and heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Hg, and Pb) were measured from fish muscle and liver. In spite of the significant accumulation of PAHs, there was no induction of MO activities in any studied fish species. When compared to reference samples, AHH activities were even decreased in feral fish at some of the exposed sites. Detection of CYP1A protein content and the distribution of the CYP1A enzyme by immunohistochemistry also did not show extensive CYP1A induction. Instead, GST activities were significantly increased at exposed sites. Detection of histopathology did not reveal major changes in the morphology of tissues. The micronucleus test also did not show any evidence of genotoxicity. Thus, from the parameters studied, GST activity was most affected. The lack of catalytic CYP1A induction in spite of the heavy loading of PAHs was not studied but has been attributed to the elevated content of other compounds such as heavy metals, some of which can act as inhibitors for MOs. Another possible explanation of this lack of induction is that through adaptation processes the fish could have lost some of their sensitivity to PAHs. Either complex pollution caused by oil shale processing masked part of the harmful effects measured in this study, or oil shale industry did not have any severe effects on fish in the River Narva. Our study illustrates the difficulties in estimating risk in cases where there are numerous various contaminants affecting the biota.ImagesFigure 1Figure 2

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confidence: 99%

Oil shale processing as a source of aquatic pollution: monitoring of the biologic effects in caged and feral freshwater fish.

Tuvikene

Huuskonen

Koponen

et al. 1999

Environ Health Perspect

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“…The trophic state of the lakes seemed not to influence the content of BaP in fish tissues. The mass (age) of fish had no influence on the BaP content in fish tissues (Veldre et al, 1979).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

CONTENT OF BENZO(a)PYRENE IN ESTONIAN SMALL LAKES

Veldre¹,

Karlova²

2000

Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences. Biology. Ecolo

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The content of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) in 62 small lakes was studied. It was found that the pollution with BaP was not high, although there was a wide variation in its concentrations. The mean value of BaP fluctuated from 0.11 to 9.30 ng L™'. The situation and economic use of the lakes played a certain part in the BaP content in their water. The study of seasonal variations of BaP in the small lakes did not establish distinct differences between the seasons. Only the urban and suburban lakes showed about an order of magnitude higher concentration of BaP in water in winter than in other seasons. The hydrobiological type (trophicity) of a lake did not influence the content of BaP in the lake water. The concentration of BaP in fish tissues depended on its amount in the lake water and on the fat content of the fish tissue.Key words: lakes, water pollution, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, benzo(a)pyrene, fish tissue.Estonian small lakes have been thoroughly studied for many years. The results of a long-term study of a large group of scientists were concentrated in the book by Ott & Kdiv (1999). Changes in the trophic state of the lakes that had taken place during the study are described in the book. However, there is only one comment about the anthropogenic pollution of these lakes with carcinogenic substances. Various polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) form a large group of environmental pollutants. Among them there are substances that are classified as probable and possible carcinogens (WH0..., 1987;Menzie et al., 1992). One of the most thoroughly investigated PAHs is benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) as a probable carcinogen and because of its wide-spread distribution in the environment and high activity and stability.The contamination of various Estonian water bodies with PAHs has been

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“…Currently, about 80% of the mined oil shale is used as fuel for electric thermal power plants, and the rest is used as raw material for chemical industry. The oil shale industry has proved to be a significant source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (Veldre et al 1979), sulphates, chlorides and phenols (Liblik & Rätsepp 1994;Trapido et al 1995). One of the largest problems facing the industry is the disposal of solid wastes.…”

Section: The Pollutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural re‐establishment of Atlantic salmon reproduction and the fish community in the previously heavily polluted River Purtse, Baltic Sea

Kesler

Kangur

Vetemaa

2011

Ecology of Freshwater Fish

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The River Purtse was historically a significant Atlantic salmon spawning river in the Gulf of Finland (Baltic Sea). After the establishment of oil shale mining and processing in the catchment area in the late 1920s, the salmon population went extinct. By the 1970s, the river was heavily polluted and the lower reaches lacked any fish fauna. However, since the 1990s, pollution from oil shale mines was greatly reduced and water quality started to improve. The first fish species to repopulate the polluted area were gudgeon and nine-spined stickleback. The first salmon parr from wild spawning were recorded in 2006. Up to 2009, a total of fifteen fish species have been recorded including trout and the sensitive bullhead. This study illustrates the natural recovery of the fish fauna following water quality improvement.

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Levels of benzo(a)pyrene in oil shale industry wastes, some bodies of water in the Estonian S.S.R. and in water organisms.

Cited by 10 publications

References 1 publication

Oil shale processing as a source of aquatic pollution: monitoring of the biologic effects in caged and feral freshwater fish.

Oil shale processing as a source of aquatic pollution: monitoring of the biologic effects in caged and feral freshwater fish.

CONTENT OF BENZO(a)PYRENE IN ESTONIAN SMALL LAKES

Natural re‐establishment of Atlantic salmon reproduction and the fish community in the previously heavily polluted River Purtse, Baltic Sea

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