Levels of Bisphenol A in Canned Liquid Infant Formula Products in Canada and Dietary Intake Estimates

Abstract

A sensitive, efficient, and reproducible method, based on solid phase extraction and derivatization with acetic anhydride followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in selected-ion monitoring mode, was developed for the determination of bisphenol A (BPA) in liquid infant formula. The method quantification limit was 0.5 ng g(-1). Extraction recoveries were 85-94% over the concentration range of 2.5-20 ng g(-1). Good reproducibility of the method was observed at levels of 0.54 and 10.4 ng g(-1) with relative standard deviations of 5.0 and 2.8%, respectively. The method was used to analyze samples of 21 canned liquid infant formula products for BPA. BPA was detected in all samples at levels ranging from as low as 2.27 ng g(-1) to as high as 10.2 ng g(-1). The probable daily intakes of BPA due to consumption of canned liquid infant formula were estimated for infants from premature to 12-18 months of age. The maximum probable daily intake of BPA was 1.35 microg kg(-1) of body weight day(-1) for 0-1-month-old infants with the maximum formula intake, which is below the provisional tolerable daily intake for BPA established by Health Canada, 25 microg kg(-1) of body weight day(-1).

GC–MS analysis of bisphenol A in human placental and fetal liver samples

“…The concentrated extract was derivatized to the di-ester using acetic anhydride in a K 2 CO 3 solution followed the same procedure developed previously [10]. Briefly, the concentrated aqueous extract was transferred to a 22-mL glass vial, and 10 mL of 1.0 M K 2 CO 3 solution and 400 L of acetic anhydride were added to each vial.…”

“…Although methods for determination of BPA in foods are widely available and well validated, information on methods for measuring BPA in human tissues is very limited and conjugated BPA was not always measured [6,9]. In this study, the method based on solvent and solid phase extraction followed by derivatization and GC-MS analysis developed previously [10] was adapted and validated for determination of BPA in various tissue samples. This method was used to analyze human placental and fetal liver tissue samples for both free and conjugated BPA, generating information for the first time on human fetal exposure to BPA during early to mid-gestation and transfer of BPA from human placenta to fetuses.…”

Optimum pH for the determination of bisphenols and their corresponding diglycidyl ethers by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Migration kinetics of bisphenol A from polycarbonate glasses

“…The kinetics of the hydrolysis of BADGE and BFDGE in water-based food simulants have been studied in [9] and [10], respectively. Several analytical methods have been developed for the determination of BADGE, BFDGE and their derivatives in different foodstuffs [8,[11][12][13][14][15][16].…”

Electrochemical detection of bisphenol A mediated by [Ru(bpy)3]2+ on an ITO electrode

“…Compared with chemical sensors, chromatographic methods, and biological assays [28][29][30][31][32][33], the electrochemical method has the advantages of low cost and simple operation. Several kinds of electrodes such as Pt, glassy carbon, TiO 2 and polypyrrole have been used for the oxidation and determination of BPA [34][35][36][37][38].…”