Levels of cadmium in liver and kidneys from Norwegian cervides

Frøslie, Arne; Haugen, A.; Holt, Gunnar; Norheim, Gunnar

doi:10.1007/bf01607788

Cited by 53 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Many different species can be used to estimate the impact of toxic chemicals on aquatic habitats (Kendall et al 1996;Wells 1999), but the choice of suitable terrestrial indicators is more problematic (Beeby 2001;van der Schalie et al 1999). For example, wild mammalian species such as chamois, European hare, moose, red deer, reindeer, roe deer, wild mink, and wolves have been proposed for biomonitoring studies (Doganoc and Gacnik 1995;Frøslie et al 1986;Kottferová and Koréneková 1998;Poole et al 1998;Santiago et al 1998;Shore et al 2001). Unfortunately, with few exceptions, these wildlife species are represented only in their natural habitats, including forests or other rural areas, and often occupy very large territories, such that they may not be helpful in identifying local sources of contamination that are directly relevant to the exposure level of people.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Age- and sex-dependent distribution of persistent organochlorine pollutants in urban foxes.

Dip

Hegglin

Deplazes

et al. 2003

Environ Health Perspect

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The colonization of urban and suburban habitats by red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) provides a novel sentinel species to monitor the spread of anthropogenic pollutants in densely populated human settlements. Here, red foxes were collected in the municipal territory of Zürich, Switzerland, and their perirenal adipose tissue was examined for persistent organochlorine residues. This pilot study revealed an unexpected pattern of contamination by polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), with significantly higher levels of the predominant congeners PCB-138, PCB-153, and PCB-180 in juvenile foxes relative to adult animals. Further data analysis demonstrated that the observed difference was attributable to an age-dependent reduction of PCB concentrations in females, whereas male foxes retained approximately the same PCB burden throughout their life span. A similar sex-related bias between population members has been observed, primarily in marine mammals. Interestingly, the reduction of organochlorine contents with progressive age is reminiscent of human studies, where an extensive maternal transfer of xenobiotics to the offspring has been shown to result in increased exposure levels of infants relative to adults. To our knowledge, this is the first example of an urban wildlife species that faithfully reflects the dynamic distribution of toxic contaminants in the corresponding human population. Suburban and urban foxes occupy habitats in close proximity to humans, depend on anthropogenic food supplies, are relatively long-lived and readily available for sampling, can be easily aged and sexed, have a limited home range, and, therefore, meet several important requirements to serve as a surrogate species for the assessment of toxic health hazards.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Age- and sex-dependent distribution of persistent organochlorine pollutants in urban foxes.

Dip

Hegglin

Deplazes

et al. 2003

Environ Health Perspect

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“…In addition, kidney sections were stained with van Gieson (Culling et al, 1985) and periodic acid-Schiff (Bancroft and Stevens, 1990). Samples of liver and kidney from five moose were digested in a mixture of nitric and perchloric acid, and the cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) contents were determined by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (Frøslie et al, 1986). The main gross finding was pale kidneys, and some animals also had slightly swollen kidneys.…”

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confidence: 99%

Toxic Nephrosis in Moose in Norway

Vikøren

Handeland

Stuve

et al. 1999

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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“…In several papers the age dependency was evaluated as mean values for a number of age classes, again taken irrespective of the other factors (Froeslie et al 1986;Brazil and Ferguson 1989;Medvedev 1999). Then there is a risk that the age dependency found, that is the relation between the mean values for the different age classes, is distorted by uneven age distribution between the groups according to other factors (for example an excess of young animals in a Cd polluted region).…”

Section: Age Dependencymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 'yearly uptake', defined as the slope of Cd concentration vs. animal age, has been taken as a measure of the environmental Cd level for different regions (Frank and Petersson 1984;Froeslie et al 1986). For each region the slope was evaluated by linear regression including an intercept.…”

Section: Age Dependencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cadmium in moose kidney and liver – age and gender dependency, and standardisation for environmental monitoring

Danielsson

Frank

2008

Environ Monit Assess

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In the northern hemisphere moose has been found to be suitable as a monitoring animal for the presence of cadmium in the environment. The metal accumulates mainly in the kidney and the liver, with the rate of accumulation dependent on age and possibly also on gender. Collection of tissue material often results in sample selections with disparate age and gender composition, which makes comparison between different regions and different studies difficult. A previous large scale investigation of metals in kidney and liver from moose in Sweden provided Cd data (n = 3,817 and 3,802, respectively) to further explore the relation between Cd accumulation and age/gender. Based on local averages, the individual deviations were analysed with respect to the factors age and gender resulting in an 'ageing function' for each gender and organ. In addition, estimates of the pure individual variations were obtained; the standard deviations correspond to a factor 1.7-1.9 for the Cd concentration, which indicates that 25-30 samples are needed to give a representative mean value (with RSD approximately 10%). In order to be able to compare results from different studies, all individual results can be transformed to represent a 'standard moose' with respect to age and gender. A comparison along these lines was undertaken between Cd levels in Alaska and Sweden. Finally, a relationship between the Cd levels in kidney and liver was derived, providing at least rough estimates for kidney from liver values (or vice versa).

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Levels of cadmium in liver and kidneys from Norwegian cervides

Cited by 53 publications

References 6 publications

Age- and sex-dependent distribution of persistent organochlorine pollutants in urban foxes.

Age- and sex-dependent distribution of persistent organochlorine pollutants in urban foxes.

Toxic Nephrosis in Moose in Norway

Cadmium in moose kidney and liver – age and gender dependency, and standardisation for environmental monitoring

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