Levels of Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript in Vagal Afferents in the Mouse Are Unaltered in Response to Metabolic Challenges

Yuan, Xuefeng; Huang, Ying; Shah, Sarita; Wu, Hua; Gautron, Laurent

doi:10.1523/eneuro.0174-16.2016

Cited by 10 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…(n = 3; unpaired two-tailed t-test p = 0.703) across a spectrum of physiological conditions. Furthermore, we replicate a contradictory report (Yuan et al, 2016) demonstrating that food availability had no impact on CART expression in the left NG during the light phase. We hypothesized that food intake may account for the apparent paradox and therefore quantified the amount of food consumed in either of these experimental feeding paradigms.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Nevertheless, the site of action of NG CART and its role in the control of food intake remain controversial. A recent study failed to observe eating-induced CART expression changes in the NG during the light phase (Yuan et al, 2016). Although 3 rd and 4 th ventricular injection of exogenous CART reduced food intake (Aja et al, 2002;Skibicka et al, 2009;Zheng et al, 2002), intraparenchymal NTS (intraNTS) injection failed to reduce short-term sucrose intake (Zheng et al, 2002), or 24 h intake of chow (Skibicka et al, 2009), raising the question of whether NG CART release into the NTS is capable of affecting eating behavior.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Blunted Vagal Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript Promotes Hyperphagia and Weight Gain

et al. 2020

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blunted Vagal Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript Promotes Hyperphagia and Weight Gain

et al. 2020

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“…S6D-G). Because these neuropeptides are known to be expressed both in the periphery(25)(26)(27)(28)(29) and CNS (24), we used a local viral delivery approach to target these neurons and avoid CNS effects. Injection of retrograde adeno-associated virus (AAVrg)-FLEX-tdTomato (30) revealed a prominent population of tdTomato+ neurons in the ileum, and colon myenteric plexus of Cartpt Cre(31) and Npy Cre (32) mice(Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiota–modulated enteric neuron translational profiling uncovers a CART+ glucoregulatory subset

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Schneeberger

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et al. 2020

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Microbial density and diversity increase towards the distal intestine, affecting tissue physiology, metabolism, and function of both immune and nervous systems. Intrinsic enteric-associated neurons (iEAN) continuously monitor and modulate intestinal functions, including nutrient absorption and motility.Through molecular, anatomic and functional approaches, we characterized the influence of the microbiota on iEAN. We found that iEAN are functionally adapted to the intestinal segment they occupy, with a stronger microbiota influence on distal intestine neurons. Chemogenetic characterization of microbiotainfluenced iEAN identified a subset of viscerofugal CART+ neurons, enriched in the distal intestine, able to modulate feeding through insulin-glucose levels. Retro-and anterograde tracing revealed that CART+ viscerofugal neurons send axons to the gut sympathetic ganglion and are synaptically connected to the liver and pancreas. Our results demonstrate a region-specific adaptation of enteric neurons and indicate that specific iEAN subsets are capable of regulating host physiology independently from the central nervous system. One Sentence Summary:Microbes impact regionally defined intrinsic enteric neuron translatomes, including a novel CART+ glucoregulatory viscerofugal population. Main Text:EAN comprise a numerous and heterogeneous population of neurons within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract that monitor and respond to various environmental cues such as mechanical stretch and luminal metabolites (1, 2). The vast majority of luminal stimuli are derived from the diet and commensal microbes, which may be sensed directly by EAN fibers positioned along the intestinal epithelium. Luminal perturbations can also be transmitted to EAN indirectly, via signals derived from epithelial, glial, or immune cells inhabiting the same compartment (1, 3). Intrinsic EAN (iEAN), which comprise a component of the enteric nervous system (ENS), are neural crest-derived and organized in two distinct layers, the myenteric or Auerbach's plexus and submucosal or Meissner's plexus (2). iEAN can operate autonomously and are primarily tasked with modulation of intestinal motility and secretory function (2). Recent studies have demonstrated that the gut microbiota influence the basal activity of intestine-associated cells, including the excitability of EAN and the activation state of immune cells (2-5). Additionally, microbial dysbiosis has a potential role in a host of metabolic disorders including obesity and diabetes (6, 7). Yet, whether the metabolic effects of the microbiota are mediated through the nervous system is still not known. These studies highlight the impact of the gut microbiota on EAN and key mammalian physiological processes, however the cellular circuits and molecular components that mediate gut-EAN or gut-brain communication remain poorly understood. We sought to determine how the microbiota impacts iEAN to better characterize their role in host physiology.To profile iEAN, we opted for a translating ribosomal affinity purificat...

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“…This discrepancy could be related to different duration of fasting between experiments, even if our conditions (48-h fasting) were close to that of the earlier studies (24–48 h). A very recent study in mice also failed to reproduce this metabolic switch of VAN from an anorectic to orexigenic phenotype (44). Using confocal microscopy to visualize all afferent visceral C-fibers of the vagus nerve, these authors showed that the neuropeptide CART was not regulated by metabolic challenge (fasting or high-fat diet).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Loss of Vagal Sensitivity to Cholecystokinin in Rats Born with Intrauterine Growth Retardation and Consequence on Food Intake

et al. 2017

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Perinatal malnutrition is associated with low birth weight and an increased risk of developing metabolic syndrome in adulthood. Modification of food intake (FI) regulation was observed in adult rats born with intrauterine growth retardation induced by maternal dietary protein restriction during gestation and maintained restricted until weaning. Gastrointestinal peptides and particularly cholecystokinin (CCK) play a major role in short-term regulation of FI by relaying digestive signals to the hindbrain via the vagal afferent nerve (VAN). We hypothesized that vagal sensitivity to CCK could be affected in rats suffering from undernutrition [low protein (LP)] during fetal and postnatal life, leading to an altered gut–brain communication and impacting satiation. Our aim was to study short-term FI along with signals of appetite and satiation in adult LP rats compared to control rats. The dose–response to CCK injection was investigated on FI as well as the associated signaling pathways activated in nodose ganglia. We showed that LP rats have a reduced first-meal satiety ratio after a fasting period associated to a higher postprandial plasmatic CCK release, a reduced sensitivity to CCK when injected at low concentration and a reduced presence of CCK-1 receptor in nodose ganglia. Accordingly, the lower basal and CCK-induced phosphorylation of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase in nodose ganglia of LP rats could reflect an under-expressed vanilloid family of transient receptor potential cation channels on VAN. Altogether, the present data demonstrated a reduced vagal sensitivity to CCK in LP rats at adulthood, which could contribute to deregulation of FI reported in this model.

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Levels of Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript in Vagal Afferents in the Mouse Are Unaltered in Response to Metabolic Challenges

Abstract: Visual Overview

Cited by 10 publications

References 67 publications

Blunted Vagal Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript Promotes Hyperphagia and Weight Gain

Blunted Vagal Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript Promotes Hyperphagia and Weight Gain

Microbiota–modulated enteric neuron translational profiling uncovers a CART+ glucoregulatory subset

Loss of Vagal Sensitivity to Cholecystokinin in Rats Born with Intrauterine Growth Retardation and Consequence on Food Intake

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