Levels of d-serine in the brain and peripheral organs of serine racemase (Srr) knock-out mice

Horio, Mao; Kohno, Masashi; Fujita, Yūkō; Ishima, Tamaki; Inoue, Ran; Mori, Hisashi; Hashimoto, Kenji

doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2011.08.017

Cited by 89 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Regarding L-Ser, the amounts in the frontal brain areas and serum of SRR -/-mice were reported to be 500-1,000 nmol/g and 80 nmol/mL Horio et al 2011), respectively, consistent with those obtained in the present paper. The aging profiles of D-Ser amounts have also been investigated for the first time in the SRR -/-mice, and a drastic alteration in the D-Ser amount with aging was not observed in all the tested tissues.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Alteration of intrinsic amounts of D-serine established by different research groups (Miya et al 2008;Labrie et al 2009;Basu et al 2009), and the D-Ser amounts in the frontal brain areas and some peripheral tissues were reported (Horio et al 2011). The reported amounts of D-Ser in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus were 35-45 nmol/g, which were consistent with those obtained in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

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Alteration of intrinsic amounts of d-serine in the mice lacking serine racemase and d-amino acid oxidase

et al. 2012

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For elucidation of the regulation mechanisms of intrinsic amounts of D-serine (D-Ser) which modulates the neuro-transmission of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in the brain, mutant animals lacking serine racemase (SRR) and D-amino acid oxidase (DAO) were established, and the amounts of D-Ser in the tissues and physiological fluids were determined. D-Ser amounts in the frontal brain areas were drastically decreased followed by reduced SRR activity. On the other hand, a moderate but significant decrease in D-Ser amounts was observed in the cerebellum and spinal cord of SRR knock-out (SRR(-/-)) mice compared with those of control mice, although the amounts of D-Ser in these tissues were low. The amounts of D-Ser in the brain and serum were not altered with aging. To clarify the uptake of exogenous D-Ser into the brain tissues, we have determined the D-Ser of SRR(-/-) mice after oral administration of D-Ser for the first time, and a drastic increase in D-Ser amounts in all the tested tissues was observed. Because both DAO and SRR are present in some brain areas, we have established the double mutant mice lacking SRR and DAO for the first time, and the contribution of both enzymes to the intrinsic D-Ser amounts was investigated. In the frontal brain, most of the intrinsic D-Ser was biosynthesized by SRR. On the other hand, half of the D-Ser present in the hindbrain was derived from the biosynthesis by SRR. These results indicate that the regulation of intrinsic D-Ser amounts is different depending on the tissues and provide useful information for the development of treatments for neuronal diseases.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Alteration of intrinsic amounts of d-serine in the mice lacking serine racemase and d-amino acid oxidase

et al. 2012

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“…Dominant neuronal localization of serine racemase, a key enzyme synthesizing 80 -90% of D-Ser in the mouse forebrain (Horio et al, 2011), has been reported by both in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry (Miya et al, 2008). On the other hand, immunohistochemical studies using D-Ser antisera show the dominance of D-Ser in astrocytes (Schell et al, 1995;Wako et al, 1995;Williams et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Astrocyte Calcium Signaling Transforms Cholinergic Modulation to Cortical PlasticityIn Vivo

Takata¹,

Mishima

Hisatsune³

et al. 2011

J. Neurosci.

346

350

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“…Regardless of glycine origin, in vivo microdialysis suggests that the amount of glycine available to extrasynaptic NMDARs should be high enough to be saturating [77,78], especially if those receptors are GluN2B ¼ NMDARs (EC 50 , 1 mM). In line with this idea, it was observed that exogenous applications of co-agonist do not enhance the amplitude of NMDAR-mediated tonic current [58].…”

Section: Co-agonist Control Of Extrasynaptic Nmdarsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organization, control and function of extrasynaptic NMDA receptors

Papouin

Oliet

2014

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

154

123

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N-methyl D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) exist in different forms owing to multiple combinations of subunits that can assemble into a functional receptor. In addition, they are located not only at synapses but also at extrasynaptic sites. There has been intense speculation over the past decade about whether specific NMDAR subtypes and/or locations are responsible for inducing synaptic plasticity and excitotoxicity. Here, we review the latest findings on the organization, subunit composition and endogenous control of NMDARs at extrasynaptic sites and consider their putative functions. Because astrocytes are capable of controlling NMDARs through the release of gliotransmitters, we also discuss the role of the glial environment in regulating the activity of these receptors.

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Levels of d-serine in the brain and peripheral organs of serine racemase (Srr) knock-out mice

Cited by 89 publications

References 36 publications

Alteration of intrinsic amounts of d-serine in the mice lacking serine racemase and d-amino acid oxidase

Alteration of intrinsic amounts of d-serine in the mice lacking serine racemase and d-amino acid oxidase

Astrocyte Calcium Signaling Transforms Cholinergic Modulation to Cortical PlasticityIn Vivo

Organization, control and function of extrasynaptic NMDA receptors

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