Levels of ethylene, ACC, MACC, ABA and proline as indicators of cold hardening and frost resistance in winter wheat

Abstract

Machackova, L, Hanisova, A, and Krekule, J, 1989, Levels of ethylene, ACC. MACC, ABA and proline as indicators of cold hardening and fro.st resistance in winter wheat. Plant, 76;[603][604][605][606][607] Changes in ethylene production and in the contents of 1-aminoeyelopropane-l-carbt>xylic acid (ACC), l-(malonylamino)-cyclopropane-l-carboxylic aeid (MACC), abscisic aeid (ABA) and L-proline were detennined after 40 days of cold hardening at 4°C in three wheat cultivars differing in frost resistance, Proline and especially ABA accumulated with hardening in all varieties in parallel with the degree of frost resistance, e,g, proline and ABA increases in the non-resistant cv, Slavia were 2x and 5x, whilst in the resistant cv, Mironovska 808 increases were 4x and 20x, Ethylene production and MACC level showed no significant changes with hardening in any of the cultivars after 40 d, but ACC levels did increase with hardening. The production of ethylene, ACC and MACC was studied during hardening, Ethylene production deereased sharply at low temperature and rose rapidly (within 1 day) on return to normal temperature, while ACC production reacted in the opposite direetion, MACC levels rose rapidly during the first 4 days of cold, then more slowly for about 2 weeks, thereafter decreasing again steadily. The only varietal differences occurring at maximum levels were correlated with the degree of frost resistance.

Ethylene Signaling Negatively Regulates Freezing Tolerance by Repressing Expression of CBF and Type-A ARR Genes in Arabidopsis

“…In addition, ethylene production decreased sharply at low temperatures and rose rapidly (within 1 d) after a return to normal temperatures in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) and dwarf bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) (Field, 1984;Machá ccková et al, 1989). Another study from mung bean (Vigna radiata) seedlings showed that improved tolerance was associated with suppression of ethylene biosynthesis (Collins et al, 1995).…”

Abscisic acid induced protection against photoinhibition of PSII correlates with enhanced activity of the xanthophyll cycle

“…Acclimation of a number of plant species to low temperatures was found to be associated with elevation in the endogenous ABA levels [3][4][5][6], and exogenous application of ABA-induced increased freezing and chilling tolerance [7][8][9][10].…”

The Wheat Abscisic Acid-Responsive Protein Kinase mRNA, PKABA1, Is Up-Regulated by Dehydration, Cold Temperature, and Osmotic Stress

“…The accumulation of PKABAl mRNA may be part of the initial stress response to environmental signals mediated by ABA that ultimately result in the accumulation of osmoprotectants~ ABA increases in plants exposed to severa1 types of environmental stress and acts as a signal, although tertainly not the only signal, to promote tissue acclimation to stress (reviewed by Chandler and Robertson, 1994). Elevated ABA levels have been correlated with increased tolerance to dehydration (Bartels et al, 1990) and sometimes to cold (Machackova et al, 1989;Lee et al, 1993), osmotic, and salt (Singh et al, 1987) stress. ABA-deficient mutants provide genetic evidente for the role of ABA in the acclimation process to stress (reviewed by Reid, 1990).…”