Levels of lipids in preterm infants fed breast milk

Rochow, Niels; Möller, Sandra; Fusch, Gerhard; Drogies, Tim; Fusch, Christoph

doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2009.07.002

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The significant increase in LDL cholesterol in the test group as compared to the controls is not well explained and is in contrast with the results obtained in the study by Tomsits et al 24 In this study, no differences in HDL and LDL cholesterol were observed. In the present study, the values of the LDL/HDL ratio are comparable with breastfed preterm infants 25 …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…In the present study, the values of the LDL/HDL ratio are comparable with breastfed preterm infants. 25 For the hematological parameters, changes observed after study treatment in both groups might be ascribed both to the routine blood sampling and to the physiological anemia frequently experienced by preterm babies. 26,27 Clinical laboratory parameters showed no clinically relevant changes during the main study phase.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Short‐Term Use of Parenteral Nutrition With a Lipid Emulsion Containing a Mixture of Soybean Oil, Olive Oil, Medium‐Chain Triglycerides, and Fish Oil

Rayyan

Devlieger

Jochum

et al. 2012

J Parenter Enteral Nutr

147

201

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Background: For premature neonates needing parenteral nutrition (PN), a balanced lipid supply is crucial. The authors hypothesized that a lipid emulsion containing medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) and soybean, olive, and fish oils would be as safe and well tolerated as a soybean emulsion while beneficially influencing the fatty acid profile. Methods: Double-blind, controlled study in 53 neonates (<34 weeks’ gestation) randomized to receive at least 7 days of PN containing either an emulsion of MCTs and soybean, olive, and fish oils or a soybean oil emulsion. Target lipid dosage was 1.0 g fat/kg body weight [BW]/d on days 1–3, 2 g/kg BW/d on day 4, 3 g/kg BW/d on day 5, and 3.5 g/kg BW/d on days 6–14. Results: Test emulsion vs control, mean ± SD: baseline triglyceride concentrations were 0.52 ± 0.16 vs 0.54 ± 0.19 mmol/L and increased similarly in both groups to 0.69 ± 0.38 vs 0.67 ± 0.36 on day 8 of treatment (P = .781 for change). A significantly higher decrease in total and direct bilirubin vs baseline was seen in the test group compared with the control group P < .05 between groups). In plasma and red blood cell phospholipids, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid were higher, and the n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio was lower in the test group (P < .05 vs control). Conclusions: The lipid emulsion, based on a mixture of MCTs and soybean, olive, and fish oils, was safe and well tolerated by preterm infants while beneficially modulating the fatty acid profile.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Short‐Term Use of Parenteral Nutrition With a Lipid Emulsion Containing a Mixture of Soybean Oil, Olive Oil, Medium‐Chain Triglycerides, and Fish Oil

Rayyan

Devlieger

Jochum

et al. 2012

J Parenter Enteral Nutr

147

201

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“…Our findings could add new information to understand whether breast milk is different from cow's milk also with respect to the lipids fraction and whether the pattern of regiodistribution contributes to the excellent digestibility and tolerance of breast milk; in a recently published study, low lipid levels were found in fully breast milk fed preterm infants who obtained up to 7 g fat/kg/day [27]. Our data clearly showed that factors affecting the fatty acids content do not alter their regiodistribution profile, although the quantities in each position can be changed, which strongly suggests that the regiodistribution pattern of fatty acids in TAGs, related to the optimal infant growth, must be taken into account in the design of milk fat for the preparation of infant formulas so that it resembles human milk as far as possible.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Trends in fatty acids positional distribution in human colostrum, transitional, and mature milk

Haddad

Mozzon

Frega

2012

Eur Food Res Technol

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This study investigates the stereospecific distribution of fatty acids across the triacylglycerol molecules in breast milk obtained at three different periods of lactation. Fatty acids were distributed within the three sn-positions of the glycerol backbone in a highly specific pattern; the shorter fatty acids tend toward the sn-2 and sn-3 positions of the glycerol molecule, whereas the longer chain fatty acids are more in the sn-1 and sn-3 position. Significant differences in fatty acid composition occurred between lactation times, but factors affecting the fatty acids content do not alter their regiospecific fatty acyl profile, although the quantities in each position can be changed. This suggests that the fatty acids regiodistribution profile in human milk related to the optimal infant growth should be used as a standard for the preparation of infant formulas.

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“…In neonates, rapid growth and development of tissues and organs necessitates high amounts of cholesterol, which are mainly achieved in humans through breast-feeding or bottle-feeding [1,2] (for review, see 3). However, elevated milk intake from childhood onwards may influence circulating cholesterol and represent a health risk [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics and Functional Relevance of Apolipoprotein-A1 and Cholesterol Binding in Mammary Gland Tissues and Epithelial Cells

et al. 2013

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Cholesterol in milk is derived from the circulating blood through a complex transport process involving the mammary alveolar epithelium. Details of the mechanisms involved in this transfer are unclear. Apolipoprotein-AI (apoA-I) is an acceptor of cellular cholesterol effluxed by the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter A1 (ABCA1). We aimed to 1) determine the binding characteristics of 125I-apoA-I and 3H-cholesterol to enriched plasma membrane vesicles (EPM) isolated from lactating and non-lactating bovine mammary glands (MG), 2) optimize the components of an in vitro model describing cellular 3H-cholesterol efflux in primary bovine mammary epithelial cells (MeBo), and 3) assess the vectorial cholesterol transport in MeBo using Transwell® plates. The amounts of isolated EPM and the maximal binding capacity of 125I-apoA-I to EPM differed depending on the MG’s physiological state, while the kinetics of 3H-cholesterol and 125I-apoA-I binding were similar. 3H-cholesterol incorporated maximally to EPM after 25±9 min. The time to achieve the half-maximum binding of 125I-apoA-I at equilibrium was 3.3±0.6 min. The dissociation constant (KD) of 125I-apoA-I ranged between 40–74 nmol/L. Cholesterol loading to EPM increased both cholesterol content and 125I-apoA-I binding. The ABCA1 inhibitor Probucol displaced 125I-apoA-I binding to EPM and reduced 3H-cholesterol efflux in MeBo. Time-dependent 3H-cholesterol uptake and efflux showed inverse patterns. The defined binding characteristics of cholesterol and apoA-I served to establish an efficient and significantly shorter cholesterol efflux protocol that had been used in MeBo. The application of this protocol in Transwell® plates with the upper chamber mimicking the apical (milk-facing) and the bottom chamber corresponding to the basolateral (blood-facing) side of cells showed that the degree of 3H-cholesterol efflux in MeBo differed significantly between the apical and basolateral aspects. Our findings support the importance of the apoA-I/ABCA1 pathway in MG cholesterol transport and suggest its role in influencing milk composition and directing cholesterol back into the bloodstream.

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Levels of lipids in preterm infants fed breast milk

Cited by 12 publications

References 28 publications

Short‐Term Use of Parenteral Nutrition With a Lipid Emulsion Containing a Mixture of Soybean Oil, Olive Oil, Medium‐Chain Triglycerides, and Fish Oil

Short‐Term Use of Parenteral Nutrition With a Lipid Emulsion Containing a Mixture of Soybean Oil, Olive Oil, Medium‐Chain Triglycerides, and Fish Oil

Trends in fatty acids positional distribution in human colostrum, transitional, and mature milk

Characteristics and Functional Relevance of Apolipoprotein-A1 and Cholesterol Binding in Mammary Gland Tissues and Epithelial Cells

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