Levels of omega 3 fatty acids, vitamin D, dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in oily fish; a new perspective on the reporting of nutrient and contaminant data for risk–benefit assessments of oily seafood

Nøstbakken, Ole Jakob; Rasinger, Josef Daniel; Hannisdal, Rita; Sanden, Monica; Frøyland, Livar; Duinker, Arne; Frantzen, Sylvia; Dahl, Lisbeth; Lundebye, Anne‐Katrine; Madsen, Lise

doi:10.1016/j.envint.2020.106322

Cited by 42 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…For example, while the typical price of ‘aquaculture grade’ FO in 2020 hovered around $1900 per tonne (Craze, 2020), and for those containing high levels of omega‐3s (EPA/DHA), $2800 (Bacon, 2020), substitutes, such as canola and soybean oils, were around US$ 970 per tonne (Index Mundi, 2020). Another undesirable feature of FO is that, in its crude form, it may contain a variety of contaminants including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo‐ p ‐dioxins (PCDDs), furans (PCDFs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and organochlorinated pesticides (OCPs; Jacobs et al, 2002; Li et al, 2018; Nøstbakken et al, 2021). These toxins necessitate refining steps, such as filtration over activated carbon, enzymatic treatment, supercritical CO 2 extraction or steam distillation, for decontamination (Chang et al, 1989; Merkle et al, 2017; Wang et al, 2019), which adds to cost of production.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and organochlorinated pesticides (OCPs;Jacobs et al, 2002;Nøstbakken et al, 2021). These toxins necessitate refining steps, such as filtration over activated carbon, enzymatic treatment, supercritical CO 2 extraction or steam distillation, for decontamination (Chang et al, 1989;Merkle et al, 2017;Wang et al, 2019), which adds to cost of production.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Responses of largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides , Lacépède, 1802) to fishmeal‐, and fish oil‐free diets

McLean¹,

Alfrey

Gatlin

et al. 2022

Aquaculture Research

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Largemouth bass (LMB; ~15.2 g initial weight) was fed one of the five experimental, and a fishmeal (FM)/fish oil (FO) control diet and two commercial (Xinxin, Coppens) LMB feeds for 10 weeks. Fish were dispersed into 24, 110-L aquaria (n = 20/tank) configured as a recirculating system. Aquaria were arbitrarily allocated to dietary treatments in triplicate (n = 60/fish diet). The FM component of experimental diets was replaced using poultry by-product meal and soy protein concentrate. One experimental diet contained FO, whereas in others, FO was replaced with canola, flax and/or algal oil or combinations thereof. At trial end, there were no differences among fish-fed various diets in terms of feed conversion or protein efficiency ratios. Weight gain and survival were similar for experimental groups, and LMB fed the Xinxin commercial feed, but the Coppens feed returned inferior (p < 0.05) weights and higher mortality. Condition factor, fillet yield and intraperitoneal fat ratios were unaffected by diet but hepatosomatic index varied. The Coppens feed caused greatest differences in whole-body protein, lipid and ash contents (p < 0.001). Whole-body fatty acid profiles reflected those of the diet, with algal oil enriched feed illustrating enhanced DHA:EPA ratios.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responses of largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides , Lacépède, 1802) to fishmeal‐, and fish oil‐free diets

McLean¹,

Alfrey

Gatlin

et al. 2022

Aquaculture Research

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“…In Norway, most of the commercially important wildcaught seafood by Norwegian fisheries is under surveillance for different contaminants including Hg. There are several studies in non-contaminated areas which have been published during the last years, e.g., on metals and several persistent organic pollutants in Atlantic cod Gadus morhua (Julshamn et al 2013a;Julshamn et al 2013b;Julshamn et al 2013c), metals in herring Clupea harengus (Frantzen et al 2015), metals and several persistent organic pollutants in red king crab Paralithodes camtschaticus (Julshamn et al 2015), brominated flame-retardants in multiple fish species (Nøstbakken et al 2018), Hg in multiple fish species (Azad et al 2019b), and dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in herring and Atlantic mackerel Scomber scombrus (Nøstbakken et al 2021). Contamination data is also available online in an openaccess database (Seafood data 2021).…”

Section: Responsible Editor: Lotfi Aleyamentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeted risk assessment of mercury exposure of recreational fishers: Are nephrops fishers in Norway at risk?

Wiech

Djønne

Kolding

et al. 2021

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Recreational fishers often consume their catch, which may expose them to environmental contaminants. However, targeted risk assessment for exceeding the tolerable weekly intake (TWI) of a specific contaminant is often lacking, as specific data on the extent of fishing, consumption rates, and contamination of the caught seafood is needed. This study examined recreational fishing for nephrops (Nephrops norvegicus) at several different locations in Western Norway to identify important risk factors. The combination of a field survey to examine actual catches, interviews of recreational fishers about their seafood eating habits, and the analysis of total mercury (Hg, as a proxy for methylmercury (MeHg)) in recreationally captured nephrops allowed to conduct a targeted risk assessment. Recreational fishers consumed on average seven nephrops per meal, and 73% of the fishers ate nephrops once a month or more. The average Hg concentrations in nephrops were below the legal maximum level (100 ± 50 μg/kg wet weight (mean ± SD)). Hg concentrations in female nephrops were significantly higher than in males at the same size, and differed significantly between locations. The recreational fishers in this study were not at risk of exceeding the TWI for MeHg from consuming nephrops only; however, there is a general risk of exceeding TWI for MeHg as 70% of the fishers reported a frequent consumption of fish for dinner. Targeted risk assessments on recreational fishers may reveal particularly vulnerable populations where national dietary surveys may miss the highest seafood consumers. Graphical abstract

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“…(4) Besides non-essential trace elements, sh and shrimp were likely to accumulate other environmental contaminants that needed to be considered (Nostbakken et al, 2021). However, duo to the lack of corresponding RfD and CSF values, these contaminants were not included in present assessment.…”

Section: Bene T-risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benefit-Risk Assessment of Fish And Shrimp Consumption From A Large Eutrophic Freshwater Lake, Southeastern China

Fang

Liang

Yang

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Obtaining beneficial nutrients meanwhile ingesting hazardous contaminants through freshwater fish consumption remains a concern for inland residents in China. In this study, contents of fatty acids, essential trace elements (Fe, I, Zn, Se, Cu, Mo, Cr) and non-essential trace elements (As, Cd, Hg, Ni, Pb) were quantified in nine fish and two shrimp species from large eutrophic Chaohu Lake, southeastern China. Benefit-risk assessment for fish and shrimp consumption was conducted on basis of nutrients and contaminants. Total fat acids in the samples were 104.2-2405.2 mg/100g, included which DHA+EPA were 29.0-238.6 mg/100g. Mean content of essential trace elements (μg/g) in fish and shrimp species followed the order of Fe (10.3)>Cu (9.9)>Zn (7.7)> >Cr (1.42)>Se (0.337)>Mo (0.285)>I (0.023). The As, Cd, Hg, Ni, Pb content in the samples were nd-218, 14-97, 3-47, 4200-11300 and 144-1127 μg/kg, respectively, which was below the national maximum limit with the exception of Pb content in several samples. Though no obvious bioaccumulation pattern was found among species, species living in the demersal layers or with higher trophic levels tend to accumulate more trace elements. To achieve the recommended 250 mg of DHA+EPA daily intake, results of benefit-risk assessment indicated that fish and shrimp consumption can be major source of Se, Cu, Mo and Cr intake, whereas fish consumption was potential non-carcinogenic risk exposure for Ni and microcystins. Benefit-risk assessment contributed to the identification of main benefits and hazards of freshwater fish and shrimp consumption for inland populations around the large eutrophic lake.

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Levels of omega 3 fatty acids, vitamin D, dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in oily fish; a new perspective on the reporting of nutrient and contaminant data for risk–benefit assessments of oily seafood

Cited by 42 publications

References 38 publications

Responses of largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides , Lacépède, 1802) to fishmeal‐, and fish oil‐free diets

Responses of largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides , Lacépède, 1802) to fishmeal‐, and fish oil‐free diets

Targeted risk assessment of mercury exposure of recreational fishers: Are nephrops fishers in Norway at risk?

Benefit-Risk Assessment of Fish And Shrimp Consumption From A Large Eutrophic Freshwater Lake, Southeastern China

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