Levels of pyrroloquinoline quinone in various foods

Kumazawa, Takeshi; Sato, Koma; Seno, Hiroshi; Ishii, A; Сузукі, Осаму

doi:10.1042/bj3070331

Cited by 126 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…PQQ has attracted considerable interest because of its presence in a wide variety of foods and its remarkable antioxidant properties (Smidt et al, 1991;Kumazawa et al, 1995;Mitchell et al, 1999;He et al, 2003). PQQ is found in plant and animal tissues in the nanogram-to-gram range even though plants and animals do not produce PQQ themselves (Kumazawa et al, 1992(Kumazawa et al, , 1995. PQQ is water soluble, heat stable, and has the ability to carry out redox cycles (Stites et al, 2000).…”

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confidence: 99%

Pyrroloquinoline Quinone Is a Plant Growth Promotion Factor Produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens B16

et al. 2007

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Pseudomonas fluorescens B16 is a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium. To determine the factors involved in plant growth promotion by this organism, we mutagenized wild-type strain B16 using VKm elements and isolated one mutant, K818, which is defective in plant growth promotion, in a rockwool culture system. A cosmid clone, pOK40, which complements the mutant K818, was isolated from a genomic library of the parent strain. Tn3-gusA mutagenesis of pOK40 revealed that the genes responsible for plant growth promotion reside in a 13.3-kb BamHI fragment. Analysis of the DNA sequence of the fragment identified 11 putative open reading frames, consisting of seven known and four previously unidentified pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) biosynthetic genes. All of the pqq genes showed expression only in nutrient-limiting conditions in a PqqHdependent manner. Electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry analysis of culture filtrates confirmed that wild-type B16 produces PQQ, whereas mutants defective in plant growth promotion do not. Application of wild-type B16 on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants cultivated in a hydroponic culture system significantly increased the height, flower number, fruit number, and total fruit weight, whereas none of the strains that did not produce PQQ promoted tomato growth. Furthermore, 5 to 1,000 nM of synthetic PQQ conferred a significant increase in the fresh weight of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) seedlings, confirming that PQQ is a plant growth promotion factor. Treatment of cucumber leaf discs with PQQ and wild-type B16 resulted in the scavenging of reactive oxygen species and hydrogen peroxide, suggesting that PQQ acts as an antioxidant in plants.

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Pyrroloquinoline Quinone Is a Plant Growth Promotion Factor Produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens B16

et al. 2007

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“…Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), present in a wide variety of foods and possessing remarkable antioxidant properties (24,34,41), has attracted considerable interest. In gram-negative bacteria, PQQ functions as a noncovalently bound redox cofactor of several dehydrogenases, including methanol dehydrogenase, ethanol dehydrogenase and glucose dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.5.2) (GDH) (encoded by gdh) (18,39,49).…”

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confidence: 99%

Mutations That Disrupt Either thepqqor thegdhGene ofRahnella aquatilisAbolish the Production of an Antibacterial Substance and Result in Reduced Biological Control of Grapevine Crown Gall

Guo

et al. 2009

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Rahnella aquatilis HX2, a biocontrol agent for grapevine crown gall caused by Agrobacterium vitis, produces an antibacterial substance that inhibits the growth of A. vitis in vitro. In this study, we show that MH15 and MH16, two Tn5-induced mutants of HX2, have lost their abilities to inhibit A. vitis and have reduced biocontrol activities; they grow in logarithmic phase at a rate similar to that of the wild type and have single Tn5 insertions. They are also impaired in producing pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) or glucose dehydrogenase (GDH). Complementation of MH15 and MH16 with cosmid clones of CP465 and CP104 from an HX2 DNA library restored the antibiosis, biocontrol, and PQQ or GDH production phenotypes. A 6.7-kb BamHI fragment from CP465 that fully restored the MH15-affected phenotypes was cloned and sequenced. Sequence analysis of the mutated DNA region resulted in the identification of seven open reading frames (ORFs), six of which share significant homology with PQQ-synthesizing genes in other bacteria, designated pqqA through pqqF. Meanwhile, A 5.5-kb PstI fragment from CP104 fully complemented the MH16 mutant and contained a single ORF highly similar to that of genes coding for GDHs. An in-frame gdh deletion mutant has the same phenotypes as the Tn5 mutant of MH16. Complementation of both deletion and Tn5 gdh mutants restored the affected phenotypes to wild-type levels. Our results suggest that an antibacterial substance plays a role in biocontrol of A. vitis by HX2.

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“…PQQ, 4,5-dihydro-4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo [2,3-f] quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylic acid, is considered to be a bacterial glucose dehydrogenase redox cofactor that is widely distributed in plants, bacteria, animals, food and numerous biological fluids. PQQ is soluble in water and thermally stable, and can be divided into an oxidized and reduced form (12,13).…”

Section: Biological Effects Of Pyrroloquinoline Quinonementioning

confidence: 99%

Biological effects of pyrroloquinoline quinone on liver damage in Bmi-1 knockout mice

Huang

Chen

Miao

2015

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

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Abstract. Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) has been demonstrated to function as an antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and subsequently protecting the mitochondria from oxidative stress-induced damage. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether PQQ is able to rescue premature senescence in the liver, induced by the deletion of B cell-specific Moloney MLV insertion site-1 (Bmi-1), by inhibiting oxidative stress. In vivo, the mice were allocated into three groups that underwent the following treatment protocols. WT mice received a normal diet, while BKO mice also received a normal diet. An additional group of BKO mice were fed a PQQ-supplemented diet (BKO + PQQ; 4 mg PQQ/kg in the normal diet). The results indicated that PQQ partially rescued the liver damage induced by the deletion of Bmi-1. PQQ was demonstrated to exhibit these therapeutic effects on liver damage through multiple aspects, including the promotion of proliferation, antiapoptotic effects, the inhibition of senescence, the upregulation of antioxidant ability, the downregulation of cell cycle protein expression, the scavenging of reactive oxygen species and the reduction of DNA damage. The results of these experiments indicated that treatment of BKO mice with a moderate dose of PQQ significantly protected the liver from deleterious effects by inhibiting oxidative stress and participating in DNA damage repair. Therefore, PQQ has great potential as a therapeutic agent against oxidative stress during liver damage. IntroductionThe liver is a unique organ that is usually silent under physiological conditions; however, the organ exhibits regenerative properties following damage and/or parenchymal loss (1). In previous years, hepatic disease and the associated morbidity rates have increased year by year, with the condition becoming a major global health care problem (2). A previous study demonstrated that reactive oxygen species (ROS) may be a cause of liver damage, which is characterized by a progression from steatosis to chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (3). Although studies have attempted to identify efficient liver therapeutics from herbal origins, a number of the potential candidates have not been well characterized and require further investigation (4).Over 50 years ago, Harman proposed the free radical or oxidative stress theory of aging (5). The author hypothesized that free radicals and/or ROS are produced endogenously from normal cellular metabolic processes. In this theory, an imbalance between ROS and antioxidants can lead to oxidative stress, which subsequently damages various macromolecules. An increasing body of evidence has demonstrated that an increased production of ROS plays an important role in the development of various age-associated diseases (6).B cell-specific Moloney MLV insertion site-1 (Bmi-1) belongs to the Polycomb group of genes, which are transcriptional repressors that are essential for the maintenance of appropriate gene expression patterns during development (7). The premature deletio...

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Levels of pyrroloquinoline quinone in various foods

Cited by 126 publications

References 18 publications

Pyrroloquinoline Quinone Is a Plant Growth Promotion Factor Produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens B16

Pyrroloquinoline Quinone Is a Plant Growth Promotion Factor Produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens B16

Mutations That Disrupt Either thepqqor thegdhGene ofRahnella aquatilisAbolish the Production of an Antibacterial Substance and Result in Reduced Biological Control of Grapevine Crown Gall

Biological effects of pyrroloquinoline quinone on liver damage in Bmi-1 knockout mice

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