Levels of RNA from a family of putative serine protease genes are reduced in Drosophila melanogaster dunce mutants and are regulated by cyclic AMP.

Yun, Yungdae; Davis, Ronald L.

doi:10.1128/mcb.9.2.692

Cited by 22 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…While this is clearly not the first case where an insect promoter is recognized by D.melanogaster across millions of years of evolution (e.g. Mitsialis and Kafatos, 1985), it is remarkable that the specificity of the Antrypl promoter is developmentally 'shifted' towards its new genomic environment (Davis et al, 1985;Yun and Davis, 1989), in contrast to the Antryp2 promoter, whose function in Drosophila parallels, to some extent, the situation in the mosquito. In the Antrypl transgenics, the mosquito trypsin gene promoter is activated immediately after the embryonal stages, at a time where the digestion machinery is set on, and it remains active, though at different levels, throughout the life of the fruitfly, including the pupal stages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Conserved function of anopheles gambiae midgut-specific promoters in the fruitfly.

et al. 1996

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Control of malaria by a methodology that would permit the effective blockage of the Anopheles gambiae midgut wall penetration by Plasmodium parasites requires a detailed understanding of both the physiology of the mosquito's digestion, and of the interactions between the parasite and its host. We have transformed Drosophila melanogaster with several constructs that allow the study of the promoter region of two of the major late trypsin genes of A. gambiae. Using several deletions, we have identified, for both genes, small genomic segments that are sufficient to confer tissue specificity to the promoter in a species that is far away in evolution from the mosquito. This will allow further studies that will enable both the understanding of the blood meal digestion, and may potentially be useful for the design of anti‐plasmodial constructs at a later stage.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Conserved function of anopheles gambiae midgut-specific promoters in the fruitfly.

et al. 1996

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“…Seven of the ten tucilia serine protease sequences were most similar to several Drosophila serine proteases. For example, clone sbsgl2, which was generated from salivary gland cDNA, was most similar to the eastergene product of Drosophila (37% amino acid identity) while clones sbsp9 and sbcard2 were more closely related to the Drosophila droser2 serine protease (37% and 38% amino acid identity, respectively), which is expressed in larval tissue (Yun & Davis, 1989). Three Lucilia clones, generated from either total first-instar larval cDNA (sbsp4) or from cDNA obtained from dissected third-instar cardia (sbcardl 1 and sbtrf).…”

Section: Sequence Homology Of Lucilia Serine Protease Gene Fragmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Drosophila serine protease (Yun 8 Davis, 1989); gpifixa, guinea-pig factor IX (Sarkar eta/., 1990); dogfix, Canisfactor IX (Evans eial, 1989); drotrya, Drosophiia alpha trypsin gene (Davis eta/., 1985); droeast. Drosophila easter gene (Chasan & Anderson.…”

Section: Similarity Of Lucilia Serine Proteases To Other Enzymesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A complete cDNA sequence of the Lucilia sbtrf gene and the genome structure of this and two related genes has been recently determined (Casu eta/., 1994). (ii) The second group consists of Lucilia proteases which are most closely related to the Drosophila droser2 gene product which is expressed in larval gut tissue and in adult flies (Yun & Davis, 1989). (iii) The third group includes five Lucilja serine proteases which display a lower degree of similarity to previously characterized enzymes.…”

Section: Similarity Of Lucilia Serine Proteases To Other Enzymesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A family comprising three trypsin-like genes was recently identified in Lucilia cuprina larvae (Caw eta/., 1993). Drosophila melanogaster contains at least seven serine protease genes, clustered in two regions of the genome (Yun & Davis, 1989;Davis et a/., 1985). Recently, at least seven tightly clustered trypsin-like serine protease genes were identified in female Anophelesgambiae, of which two were shown to be induced by a blood meal (Muller et a/., 1993).…”

Section: Examples Of Multiple Serine Protease Gene Expression In Divementioning

confidence: 99%

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An estimate of the number of serine protease genes expressed in sheep blowfly larvae (Lucilia cuprina)

Elvin

Vuocolo

Smith

et al. 1994

Insect Molecular Biology

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A large and diverse family of serine protease genes was identified in first-instar larval cDNA of the sheep blowfly (Lucilia cuprina). This complex repertoire of genes was identified via a PCR approach using highly degenerate primers based on structurally conserved regions which surround the active site His and Ser residues found in all serine proteases. PCR products from entire first-instar larval cDNA, or from third-instar larval salivary glands or cardia, generated using a microscale RT-PCR method, were cloned into a plasmid vector. Comparison of the restriction fragment patterns of PCR products generated from the three different sources suggests a highly diverse tissue-specific pattern of serine protease expression in this organism. Detailed analysis of the restriction fragment patterns of sixty-nine randomly selected clones from entire first-instar larvae revealed forty-nine different classes of PCR product. Maximum likelihood analysis of these data indicate that between 125 and 220 different serine protease genes are expressed in first-instar larvae of L. cuprina. DNA sequence analysis of ten randomly-selected clones, derived from the three tissue sources, indicated that all ten encoded serine protease gene fragments. A frequently occurring PCR product, generated from both first-instar total cDNA and third-instar cardia cDNA, showed 73% amino acid identity to a digestive protease expressed in Drosophila melanogaster larval gut cells.

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Members of a trypsin gene family in Anopheles gambiae are induced in the gut by blood meal.

et al. 1993

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Serine proteases are among the enzymes that play a crucial role during the digestion of the blood meal in the gut of mosquitoes. The identification of the corresponding genes would have important implications for the control of mosquitoes and mosquito‐borne diseases. Analysis of the genomic organization of these genes may lead to the isolation of a gut‐specific, inducible promoter for the expression of anti‐parasitic agents in transgenic mosquitoes. Moreover, specific inhibitors could be designed on the basis of the structural properties of the enzymes. We report here on the identification of a trypsin gene family in Anopheles gambiae, the mosquito vector of malaria in Africa. Mosquito trypsin‐related sequences were amplified by PCR using as template cDNA derived from RNA of blood fed mosquitoes. Cloning of the PCR product revealed two distinct sequences. Corresponding full‐length cDNA clones were obtained and sequenced. Antryp1 and Antryp2 code for proteins of 274 and 277 amino acids respectively, showing 75% homology at the amino acid level. The deduced amino acid sequences clearly identify them as trypsins. Five additional trypsin sequences were found in overlapping genomic clones. The genes identified are tightly clustered within 11 kb and sequencing indicates that no introns are present. Northern and PCR analysis indicated that the transcription of both Antryp1 and Antryp2 is induced by blood feeding. Moreover, the Antryp1 protein was detected among the proteins of a midgut lysate of blood fed mosquitoes using antisera against recombinant Antryp1. In addition, the recombinant polypeptides derived from Antryp1 and Antryp2 expressed in Escherichia coli showed a strong proteolytic activity against different sets of blood proteins. We conclude that the products of Antryp1 and Antryp2 play an important role in the breakdown of the proteins during the digestion of the blood meal in the mosquito gut.

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Levels of RNA from a family of putative serine protease genes are reduced in Drosophila melanogaster dunce mutants and are regulated by cyclic AMP.

Cited by 22 publications

References 50 publications

Conserved function of anopheles gambiae midgut-specific promoters in the fruitfly.

Conserved function of anopheles gambiae midgut-specific promoters in the fruitfly.

An estimate of the number of serine protease genes expressed in sheep blowfly larvae (Lucilia cuprina)

Members of a trypsin gene family in Anopheles gambiae are induced in the gut by blood meal.

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