Levels of salivary IgA antibodies to Candida spp. in HIV-infected adult patients: A systematic review

Pomarico, Luciana; Souza, Ivete Pomarico Ribeiro de; Castro, Glória Fernanda Barbosa de Araújo; Teles, Ricardo; Luiz, Ronir Raggio; Maia, Lucianne Cople

doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2009.09.005

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Candida -specific IgG responses per unit volume were elevated in HIV-infected individuals compared with healthy controls (figure 5A), consistent with previous reports indicating that C albicans is a well-known AIDS-associated pathogen with higher colonisation prevalence in patients with AIDS 40 41. All comparisons mentioned here were tested for significance by Student t test.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Systemic antibody responses to gut commensal bacteria during chronic HIV-1 infection

Haas

Zimmermann

Graw

et al. 2011

Gut

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BACKGROUND: Human systemic antibody responses to commensal microbiota are not well characterised during health and disease. Of particular interest is the analysis of their potential modulation caused by chronic HIV-1 infection which is associated with sustained enteropathy and systemic B cell disturbances reflected by impaired B cell responses and chronic B cell hyperactivity. The mechanisms underlying B cell hyperactivation and the specificities of the resulting hypergammaglobulinaemia are only poorly understood. METHODS: By a technique referred to as live bacterial FACS (fluorescenceactivated cell sorting), the present study investigated systemic antibody responses to several gut and skin commensal bacteria as well as Candida albicans in longitudinal plasma and serum samples from healthy donors, chronic HIV-1-infected individuals with or without diarrhoea and patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). RESULTS: The data show that systemic antibody responses to the commensal microbiota were abundantly present in humans and remained remarkably stable over years. Overall systemic antibody responses to gut commensal bacteria were not affected during chronic HIV-1 infection, with titres decreasing when normalised to elevated plasma immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels found in patients with HIV. In contrast, increases in the titres of high affinity antimicrobiota antibodies were detected in patients with IBD, demonstrating that conditions with known increased intestinal permeability and aberrant mutualism can induce changes in antibody titres observed in these assays. CONCLUSION: Neither HIV-associated enteropathy nor B cell dysfunction impact on the high-affinity systemic antibody responses to gut commensal bacteria. HIV-associated hypergammaglobulinaemia is therefore unlikely to be driven by induction of antimicrobiota antibodies. Systemic antibody responses to gut commensal bacteria during chronic HIV-1 infection

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Systemic antibody responses to gut commensal bacteria during chronic HIV-1 infection

Haas

Zimmermann

Graw

et al. 2011

Gut

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“…Yet, the performance of a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit to detect Candida’s mannan antigen in oral rinse solutions has been reported, but further assay optimization is needed for oral specimens [94]. Experimental attempts have also been made to detect salivary IgA or IgG antibodies to Candida [95, 96, 97], but immunodiagnosis remains elusive because of differences observed in sensitivity and specificity of different assays when detecting various Candida antigen preparations.…”

Section: Salivary Diagnostics Of Common Oral Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saliva as a Diagnostic Fluid

Malamud

2011

Dental Clinics of North America

400

303

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“…145,146 Specific salivary sIgA antibodies to infectious disease antigens do show some promise for the diagnosis of specific infectious diseases. 139,147,148…”

Section: Laboratory Tests Commonly Used In Cammentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory tests commonly used in complementary and alternative medicine: a review of the evidence

2019

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It is increasingly easy for the general public to access a wide range of laboratory tests. Tests can be ordered online with little or no input from a health professional. The complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) community promote and sell a wide range of tests, many of which are of dubious clinical significance. Many have little or no clinical utility and have been widely discredited, whilst others are established tests that are used for unvalidated purposes. They range from the highly complex, employing state of the art technology, e.g. heavy metal analysis using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, to the rudimentary, e.g. live blood cell analysis. Results of ‘CAM tests’ are often accompanied by extensive clinical interpretations which may recommend, or be used to justify, unnecessary or harmful treatments. There are now a small number of laboratories across the globe that specialize in CAM testing. Some CAM laboratories operate completely outside of any accreditation programme whilst others are fully accredited to the standard of established clinical laboratories. In this review, we explore CAM testing in the United States, the United Kingdom and Australia with a focus on the common tests on offer, how they are reported, the evidence base for their clinical application and the regulations governing their use. We will also review proposed changed to in-vitro diagnostic device regulations and how these might impact on CAM testing.

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Levels of salivary IgA antibodies to Candida spp. in HIV-infected adult patients: A systematic review

Cited by 8 publications

References 30 publications

Systemic antibody responses to gut commensal bacteria during chronic HIV-1 infection

Systemic antibody responses to gut commensal bacteria during chronic HIV-1 infection

Saliva as a Diagnostic Fluid

Laboratory tests commonly used in complementary and alternative medicine: a review of the evidence

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