Levels of T-2 toxin and its metabolites, and the occurrence of Fusarium fungi in spring barley in the Czech Republic

Pernica, Marek; Kyralová, Blanka; Svoboda, Zdeněk; Boško, Rastislav; Brožková, Iveta; Česlová, Lenka; Benešová, Karolína; Červenka, Libor; Běláková, Sylvie

doi:10.1016/j.fm.2021.103875

Cited by 25 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…In Europe, the content of the T-2 toxin in food crops, especially wheat, is particularly high. The pollution rate in Italy is 80%, with the highest content of 150 μg/kg, while in the Czech Republic, the pollution rate is 88% and the maximum content is 358 μg/kg . The contamination rate of the T-2 toxin in Chinese feed samples is 79.5%, with the highest content of 735 μg/kg .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The pollution rate in Italy is 80%, with the highest content of 150 μg/kg, 2 while in the Czech Republic, the pollution rate is 88% and the maximum content is 358 μg/ kg. 3 The contamination rate of the T-2 toxin in Chinese feed samples is 79.5%, with the highest content of 735 μg/kg. 4 Statistically modeled biomonitoring data show that the probable daily intake value of the T-2 toxin for Europeans is about 0.17 μg/kg BW/day, which is 10 times higher than their tolerable daily intake.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Selenium Improves Bone Microenvironment-Related Hematopoiesis and Immunity in T-2 Toxin-Exposed Mice

Zhang

Han²,

Song

et al. 2023

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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The T-2 toxin is one of the most frequent contaminants in the environment and agricultural production globally. It exerts a wide range of toxic effects. Selenium (Se), as an antioxidant, has the potential to be widely used to antagonize mycotoxin toxicity. To investigate the protective effects of Se on bone microenvironment (BM)-related hematopoiesis and immunity after T-2 toxin exposure, 36 male mice were treated with the T-2 toxin (1 mg/kg) and/or Se (0.2 mg/kg) by intragastric administration for 28 days. The results showed that Se alleviated T-2 toxin-induced cytopenia and splenic extramedullary hematopoiesis. Se also significantly relieved T-2 toxin-induced immunosuppression, as assessed by immune factors and lymphocytes. Furthermore, Se also attenuated oxidative stress and apoptosis and improved the BM in T-2 toxin-exposed mice. Therefore, Se improves BM-related hematopoiesis and immunity after T-2 toxin exposure. This study provides references for identifying the toxic mechanism and screening potential therapeutic drugs of the T-2 toxin.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Selenium Improves Bone Microenvironment-Related Hematopoiesis and Immunity in T-2 Toxin-Exposed Mice

Zhang

Han²,

Song

et al. 2023

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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“…This is true not only for wheat and oats but also for barley and maize. 25,26,32 These observations are due to the efficient deacetylation of T-2 to HT-2, which occurs both as a result of metabolism by the Fusarium fungi and also by the plants they infect. 1 In our 2020−2022 studies, T-2 and/or HT-2 were detectable in 70% [mean for positive samples (>LOQ) 101.7 μg/kg] of oat samples and 5% [mean for positive samples (>LOQ) 34.2 μg/kg] of wheat samples.…”

Section: Journal Of Agricultural Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-occurrence of T-2 and HT-2 Mycotoxins and α and β Anomers of Their Glucosides in Wheat and Oat Grains

Pierzgalski,

Bryła,

Cramer

et al. 2024

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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The aim of this study was to simultaneously determine T-2 and HT-2 toxins and the α and β anomers of their glucosides to assess their content in wheat and oat grains harvested in Poland (2020Poland ( −2022. Of 298 wheat samples, only 14 (5%) contained the sum of the T-2 and HT-2 toxins (average 34.2 μg/kg; 10.6−67.7 μg/kg). In oat (n = 129), these compounds were detected much more frequently (70% of samples) at an average level of 107.5 μg/kg (6.9−949.1 μg/kg). The sum of T-2 and HT-2 glucosides was detectable in 3% of the wheat (average 16.3 μg/kg; 7.1−39.4 μg/kg) and 65% of the oat samples (average 35.1 μg/ kg; 4.0−624.1 μg/kg). Following the study, T-2−3-α-glucoside was identified as the only naturally occurring anomer, while both anomers of HT-2−3-glucosides were detected with higher contents and occurrence rates of HT-2−3-β-glucoside than the α anomer of this compound.

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“…In addition to Aspergillus, Fusarium graminearum also produces 9S-HODE and 13S-HODE (Figure 3), two oxylipins acting as toxin inducers in F. graminearum in the form of oxidative stress [37]. Moreover, a Fusarium sporotrichioides ppo orthologue mutation reduced T-2 toxin production [68,69]. Furthermore, in the plant pathogenic fungus Cercospora zeaemaydis, the LDS gene (a ppo congener) is upregulated under conditions favorable to the production of the mycotoxin tailspin [70].…”

Section: Oxylipin As Qsm For Virulence Factor Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The regulatory functions of oxylipins in fungi: A review

et al. 2023

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Quorum sensing (QS) is a communication mechanism between microorganisms originally found in bacteria. In recent years, an important QS mechanism has been discovered in the field of fungi, namely, the lipoxygenase compound oxylipin of arachidonic acid acts as a QS molecule in life cycle control, particularly in the sexual and asexual development of fungi. However, the role of oxylipins in mediating eukaryotic communication has not been previously described. In this paper, we review the regulatory role of oxylipins and the underlying mechanisms and discuss the potential for application in major fungi. The role of oxylipin as a fungal quorum‐sensing molecule is the main focus of the review. Besides, the quorum regulation of fungal morphological transformation, biofilm formation, virulence factors, secondary metabolism, infection, symbiosis, and other physiological behaviors are discussed. Moreover, future prospectives and applications are elaborated as well.

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Levels of T-2 toxin and its metabolites, and the occurrence of Fusarium fungi in spring barley in the Czech Republic

Cited by 25 publications

References 58 publications

Selenium Improves Bone Microenvironment-Related Hematopoiesis and Immunity in T-2 Toxin-Exposed Mice

Selenium Improves Bone Microenvironment-Related Hematopoiesis and Immunity in T-2 Toxin-Exposed Mice

Co-occurrence of T-2 and HT-2 Mycotoxins and α and β Anomers of Their Glucosides in Wheat and Oat Grains

The regulatory functions of oxylipins in fungi: A review

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