Levels of Visual Impairment in a Day Centre for People with a Mental Handicap

Haire, A; Vernon, S A; Rubinstein, Martin

doi:10.1177/014107689108400913

Cited by 12 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Haire and coworkers in 1991 reported that in a sample of 61 mentally handicapped patients where 19 patients had DS, 17 patients (28% of the total sample) had visual impairment with visual acuities of less than 20/60 11. Van Schrojenstein Lantman-de Valk et al in 1994 and 1997 assessed 243 DS individuals and reported a visual impairment prevalence of 36.2%–59.1% in the 30–59-year age group 12.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of ocular abnormalities in adults with Down syndrome in Hong Kong

Fong

Shum

et al. 2013

Br J Ophthalmol

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Background/aims This was a cross-sectional survey to find the prevalence of visual impairment and eye diseases among adults with Down syndrome (DS) in Hong Kong. Methods 91 DS patients over the age of 30 were recruited through the Hong Kong Down Syndrome Association. Each patient was provided with a complete ophthalmological assessment including best corrected visual acuity, refraction, slit lamp and fundus examination. Results In our sample, 56.6% had normal vision to mild vision impairment, 33.7% and 7.2% had moderate and severe vision impairment, respectively, and 2.4% were blind. The mean presenting distant LogMAR visual acuity was 0.66 (Snellen equivalent 20/90), and the best corrected LogMAR visual acuity was 0.48 (Snellen equivalent 20/60). Significant refractive errors were found in 86.3% of the eyes, with spherical equivalent corrections ranging from −23.25D to +3.00D. Myopia and astigmatism were prevalent and found in 59.3% and 72.7% of the eyes, respectively. Blepharitis and chalazion were found in 44% of the eyes, while corneal problems were present in 27.5%. There were low incidences of infective keratitis (0.5%), keratoconus (0.5%) and Brushfield spots (1.1%). Cataracts were found in 72.2% of the eyes; 26.1% were congenital and 44.9% were age-related. Fundal abnormalities were present in 49.5% of the eyes. Conclusions There is a high prevalence of vision impairment among Chinese DS adults. Uncorrected refractive errors, high myopia and cataracts are the main visually debilitating ophthalmological abnormalities. Vision may be improved through the simple use of glasses and early treatment of age-related cataracts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of ocular abnormalities in adults with Down syndrome in Hong Kong

Fong

Shum

et al. 2013

Br J Ophthalmol

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“…[52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59] In addition, people with ID may be less likely to report visual symptoms or to have regular ophthalmic care. 60 -62 The method of screening may need to be individualized for patients with communication and perception limitations.…”

Section: Given the High Rates Of Osteoporosis Documented Among Adultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening Tests for Adults with Intellectual Disabilities

Wilkinson¹,

Culpepper²,

Cerreto³

2007

The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine

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Adults with intellectual disabilities need thoughtful, well-coordinated primary care from family physicians. However, evidence-based screening recommendations are lacking. We examined screening recommendations for common preventable conditions using the US Preventative Service Task Force guidelines. We also reviewed the literature about the prevalence of these conditions in adults with intellectual disabilities. Obesity, osteoporosis, and smoking are more prevalent in adults with intellectual disabilities, and enhanced screening for these conditions is recommended. Abnormal Papanicolaou smears and cervical cancer are less common in adults with intellectual disabilities and screening recommendations should be individualized. We also discussed strategies to make screening procedures less stressful for these patients. The term "intellectual disabilities" (ID) refers to the condition of people with disabilities characterized by significant limitations both in cognitive functioning and adaptive behavior (conceptual, social, and practical adaptive skills) that originate before age 18 (Table 1). As used here, the term intellectual disabilities is synonymous with the term "mental retardation," a term that many people with ID dislike because it is stigmatizing and is frequently used as a global summary about complex human beings with a wide range of gifts, abilities, and needs. Challenges or limitations may be partially determined by the requirements of the environment in which people with ID live; the degree of disability may vary over time depending on the skills and supports the patient needs to function in his or her current environment. Adults with ID are living longer because of improved medical care, technology, and environmental conditions. They are also more likely to live in community-based settings instead of large institutions.

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“…Individuals aged from 15 to > 65 years from a day centre in England were screened by an ophthalmologist and an optometrist in a study by Haire et al (1991). These authors measured visual acuity in 61 out of the 75 users with Snellen charts or Kay pictures.…”

Section: Previous Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual impairment in adult people with intellectual disability: Literature review

Warburg

2001

J intellect Disabil Res

103

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The present paper reviews studies on the prevalence of visual impairment (VI) in adults with intellectual disability (ID). Every publication describes an alarming prevalence of blindness and VI. Cataract and keratoconus were common. Many cases of poor distance vision were treatable by ordinary spherical or astigmatic glasses, but few people had had such prescriptions. Elderly residents in community and institutional care often did not receive glasses for near vision. Professional assessments disclosed higher prevalences of VI than questionnaires mailed to the care personnel. The prevalence of VI increased dramatically with the severity of ID and with age. Regular professional assessment of eye disorders, visual acuity and refraction are warranted in residents in both hospital and community care.

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Levels of Visual Impairment in a Day Centre for People with a Mental Handicap

Cited by 12 publications

References 5 publications

Prevalence of ocular abnormalities in adults with Down syndrome in Hong Kong

Prevalence of ocular abnormalities in adults with Down syndrome in Hong Kong

Screening Tests for Adults with Intellectual Disabilities

Visual impairment in adult people with intellectual disability: Literature review

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