Leveraging light‐fidelity for internet of light: State‐of‐the‐art and research challenges

Abstract

In this article, we review state-of-the-art of Light-Fidelity (LiFi) technology. Afterward, we show how hybrid LiFi/WiFi system enhances the system throughput and user's quality-of-services in the heterogeneous networks. Finally, we highlight the ongoing research efforts and open challenges toward internet of light with large-scale LiFi deployment in future wireless networks. KEYWORDS HetNet, LiFi, VLC, WiFi/LiFi1 Recently, the VLC standardization initiatives are being taken as a part of IEEE 802.15.7. 2 What is LiFi?Light-Fidelity (LiFi)-the term was first coined by Harald Haas in 2011 3 -transmits the wireless data through the modulation of the visible light. Generally, LiFi uses LEDs for transmission with intensity modulation (IM) and the signal is detected by using the principle of direct detection with a photodiode. LiFi extends the concept of VLC for highly secure, bi-directional, and fully networked wireless communication systems. Unlike point-to-point communications in VLC, LiFi provides multipoint communications with light emitting diodes (LEDs) as access points (APs) in the networks. 4,5 In addition, user mobility and multiuser access are supported by LiFi with attocells 6,7 in the network.

Recent Progress in Nanomaterial Enabled Chemical Sensors for Wearable Environmental Monitoring Applications

“…To overcome these communication-related issues, researchers could explore wireless technologies compatible with wearable applications such as millimeter-wave frequency-based 60 GHz technologies [307][308][309][310] or optical wireless technologies, e.g., LiFi. [311][312][313] The optical communication method uses light in the infrared, visible, and ultraviolet ranges. Usually, the RF is the widely used wireless communication technology which is regulated between 30 kHz to 300 GHz in the electromagnetic spectrum range.…”

A Review on LiFi Network Research: Open Issues, Applications and Future Directions

“…The authors reviewed state-of-the-art LiFi technology and discussed the system throughput and the user's QoS in heterogeneous networks. [22] WoS…”

“…Thus, LiFi is a substantial complementary approach to radio, being particularly attractive in scenarios where RF and/or IR fail to provide security, privacy, and zero electromagnetic interference [151]. This avoidance of electromagnetic radiation challenges which occurs with other wireless technologies in locations like aircraft, surgical facilities, and the oil and petrochemical industries enables many new opportunities [22,152].…”

“…In order to guarantee the general indoor illumination, a pre-requisite requirement of a minimum illuminance of 500 lux is needed, and the area optical power of LiFi APs is set to be 2.5 W/m2 [18]. Note that the measuring unit for illumination is lux [5,10,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. LiFi technology has attracted high attention of the research community [6], and various research efforts on this technology have constantly been growing [6].…”

Improve uniformity for an indoor visible light communication system

“…Alternatively, hybrid light fidelity (LiFi)/wireless fidelity (WiFi) systems were proposed to increase the quality of services (QoS) as well as system throughput in heterogeneous networks . Therefore, a huge number of different wireless devices are required for integration between light industries and current wireless communication to establish a reliable link, which is known as the internet of light (IoL).…”