Leveraging state-of-the-art engines for large-scale data analysis in High Energy Physics

Abstract

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN has generated a vast amount of information from physics events, reaching peaks of TB of data per day which are then sent to large storage facilities. Traditionally, data processing workflows in the High Energy Physics (HEP) field have leveraged grid computing resources. In this context, users have been responsible for manually parallelising the analysis, sending tasks to computing nodes and aggregating the partial results. Analysis environments in this field have had a common building block in the ROOT software framework. This is the de facto standard tool for storing, processing and visualising HEP data. ROOT offers a modern analysis tool called RDataFrame, which can parallelise computations from a single machine to a distributed cluster while hiding most of the scheduling and result aggregation complexity from users. This is currently done by leveraging Apache Spark as the distributed execution engine, but other alternatives are being explored by HEP research groups. Notably, Dask has rapidly gained popularity thanks to its ability to interface with batch queuing systems, widespread in HEP grid computing facilities. Furthermore, future upgrades of the LHC are expected to bring a dramatic increase in data volumes. This paper presents a novel implementation of the Dask backend for the distributed RDataFrame tool in order to address the aforementioned future trends. The scalability of the tool with both the new backend and the already available Spark backend is demonstrated for the first time on more than two thousand cores, testing a real HEP analysis.