Leveraging the<scp>water‐energy</scp>nexus to derive benefits for the electric grid through<scp>demand‐side</scp>management in the water supply and wastewater sectors

Zohrabian, Angineh; Plata, Sophia L.; Kim, Dong-Min; Childress, Amy E.; Sanders, Kelly T.

doi:10.1002/wat2.1510

Cited by 25 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 134 publications

(286 reference statements)

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“…These depend on when the energy is used (hour, day, month, and season). Oftentimes, WRRFs receive the highest hydraulic loading when the cost of energy is also highest, due to peak power demand on the electrical grid (Aymerich et al, 2015; Rosso, 2018; Zohrabian et al, 2021). The consequent overlap of influent peaks and the high energy prices exacerbates both the cost of treatment and the concurrent greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (Emami et al, 2018) and often drive the decision to employ flow or load equalization (e.g., Leu et al, 2009).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of energy and cost reduction from decreasing dissolved oxygen levels in full‐scale water resource recovery facilities

Pasini¹,

Garrido-Baserba

Sprague³

et al. 2021

Water Environment Research

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Aeration systems often lack the efficiency to maintain a desired residual dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration in the tank in part because little consideration is given to the dynamic daily and seasonal loading conditions. Although advanced aeration controllers exist, the majority of plants have DO set points typically based on common practice and literature values rather than site‐specific conditions, which can result in DO set points higher than those necessary to meet treatment objectives. DO set point reduction strategies have primarily been proposed through either static or dynamic simulations. In this study, the substantial improvements associated with DO set point reduction are demonstrated at full scale. A yearlong characterization of full‐scale aeration dynamics captured the effect of diurnal and seasonal fluctuations on oxygen transfer and energy demand and so facilitated the estimation of the potential savings of DO reduction strategies. Full‐scale validation provided direct evidence of DO reduction strategies inducing an overall enhancement of oxygen transfer efficiency along the different bioreactors, while confirming that energy savings as high as 20% were feasible. This study quantifies the influence of oxygen transfer efficiency on operating choices and site‐specific conditions (control strategy, loading conditions, and influent flow variability). Practitioner points We quantified the energy reduction and cost savings associated with a DO reduction in an aeration tank. For each 0.2 mg/L of DO decreased, the average power demand reduction per unit water treated exceeded 17%. Field measurements of dynamic alpha values eliminate the uncertainty in estimating aeration energy and cost savings from DO variations.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of energy and cost reduction from decreasing dissolved oxygen levels in full‐scale water resource recovery facilities

Pasini¹,

Garrido-Baserba

Sprague³

et al. 2021

Water Environment Research

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“…The use of renewable energy generation will continue to increase as fossil fuel dependence is reduced [1]. Renewable energy sources will soon predominate in power generation under erratic and variable weather conditions [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improve PV-diesel operating management system considering sun availability time

2023

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This paper presents a hybrid photovoltaic (PV)-diesel management system performance analysis considering weather conditions. The system is designed to operate based on charging current, battery capacity, and loading current. During charging current is decreased but the battery capacity is high, and the PV system remains supplied for low and medium loading current. When the charging current is lowered and the battery capacity is in the middle, the PV system still supplies for low loading current. However, when the charging current decreases and the battery voltage decreased below 22.3 volts, the supply instantly switches to the diesel generator. The charge current is calculated by subtracting the PV current from the load current. A real-time clock is implemented as a timer to guarantee that there is no repetitive switching throughout the night when charging from the panel is missing. The system works automatically through microcontroller control during the day for 9 hours. The improvement that has been obtained is to overcome the problem of repeated switching processes by limiting the transfer process back to PV when sunlight is not available.

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“…Some researchers have focused on solutions to optimize the operation of the WWTP [34], [35]. While power and water networks have been traditionally studied in isolation, in recent years, the coordinated operation of the two, in the form of an energy-water nexus, has gained much attention [36], [37]. A benefit in combining the two systems into a single framework is that excess power generation (during times of low demand) can be utilized by the water network to avoid curtailing the otherwise useful energy [38].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decentralized Energy and Water Networks for Community Resilience against Natural Disasters

Joshi

Mohagheghi

2022

EJENERGY

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Large-scale natural disasters can severely damage the energy and water infrastructure, leading to disruption of services. In addition to raising possible health risks, lack of access to electricity and water can impede or prolong recovery from the disaster. To be resilient against such events, the electric power grid and the water distribution network must be able to continue operating with minimal impact on end-users and with constricted costs. Naturally, one approach is to reinforce the energy and water infrastructure against natural hazards. However, this may be cost-prohibitive or even infeasible. An alternative solution is to allocate sufficient localized resources such that these networks can continue operating at a decentralized scale until the main network is repaired and restored. In this paper, a solution is proposed to design a localized water and energy system that can serve a community affected by a natural disaster, with little external support. An optimization model is developed to optimally allocate resources, e.g., distributed energy resources and water storage capacity, based on the needs of the community and subject to operational constraints. Such decentralized systems can significantly improve the resilience of the energy and water networks and assist affected communities in the aftermath of disaster events.

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Leveraging thewater‐energynexus to derive benefits for the electric grid throughdemand‐sidemanagement in the water supply and wastewater sectors

Cited by 25 publications

References 134 publications

Quantification of energy and cost reduction from decreasing dissolved oxygen levels in full‐scale water resource recovery facilities

Quantification of energy and cost reduction from decreasing dissolved oxygen levels in full‐scale water resource recovery facilities

Improve PV-diesel operating management system considering sun availability time

Decentralized Energy and Water Networks for Community Resilience against Natural Disasters

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