Leveraging translational neuroscience to inform early intervention and addiction prevention for children exposed to early life stress

Roos, Leslie E.; Horn, Sarah R.; Berkman, Elliot T.; Pears, Katherine C.; Fisher, Philip A.

doi:10.1016/j.ynstr.2018.10.004

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…Less well understood is how the trauma effects change during development. The effects of maltreatment can be seen in childhood but identifying these subtle effects can be challenging until early adolescence when psychiatric disorders, as well as fear pathologies, increasingly emerge, with the amygdala and PFC targeted (Demers et al, 2018; Roos et al, 2018; Torrisi et al, 2018). The protracted development of the brain likely contributes to these developmental transitions (Giedd et al, 1999; Lupien et al, 2009; Raineki et al, 2010a,b; Rincon-Cortes et al, 2015; Teicher et al, 2016; Opendak et al, 2017; Hagler et al, 2018; Heany et al, 2018; Hodel, 2018; Lange et al, 2018; VanTieghem and Tottenham, 2018; Botros et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Threat Expression Following Infant Maltreatment: Infant and Adult Enhancement but Adolescent Attenuation

Opendak

LeDoux

et al. 2019

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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Early life maltreatment by the caregiver constitutes a major risk factor for the development of later-life psychopathologies, including fear-related pathologies. Here, we used an animal model of early life maltreatment induced by the Scarcity-Adversity Model of low bedding (LB) where the mother is given insufficient bedding for nest building while rat pups were postnatal days (PN) 8-12. To assess effects of maltreatment on the expression of threat-elicited defensive behaviors, animals underwent odor-shock threat conditioning at three developmental stages: late infancy (PN18), adolescence (PN45) or adulthood (>PN75) and tested the next day with odor only presentations (cue test). Results showed that in typically developing rats, the response to threat increases with maturation, although experience with maltreatment in early infancy produced enhanced responding to threat in infancy and adulthood, but a decrease in maltreated adolescents. To better understand the unique features of this decreased threat responding in adolescence, c-Fos expression was assessed within the amygdala and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) associated with the cued expression of threat learning. Fos counts across amygdala subregions were lower in LB rats compared to controls, while enhanced c-Fos expression was observed in the vmPFC prelimbic cortex (PL). Correlational analysis between freezing behavior and Fos revealed freezing levels were correlated with CeA in controls, although more global correlations were detected in LB-reared rats, including the BA, LA, and CeA. Functional connectivity analysis between brain regions showed that LB reared rats exhibited more diffuse interconnectivity across amygdala subnuclei, compared the more heterogeneous patterns observed in controls. In addition, functional connectivity between the IL and LA switched from positive to negative in abused adolescents. Overall, these results suggest that in adolescence, the unique developmental decrease in fear expression following trauma is associated with distinct changes in regional function and long-range connectivity, reminiscent of pathological brain function. These results suggest that early life maltreatment from the caregiver perturbs the developmental trajectory of threatelicited behavior. Indeed, it is possible that this form of trauma, where the infant's safety signal or "safe haven" (the caregiver) is actually the source of the threat, produces distinct outcomes across development.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Threat Expression Following Infant Maltreatment: Infant and Adult Enhancement but Adolescent Attenuation

Opendak

LeDoux

et al. 2019

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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“…Although early life chronic stress is certainly associated with negative developmental outcomes linked to impulsivity, such as substance use and risk‐taking, it is possible that these outcomes have a different etiology based on earlier‐stage cognitive processes. In a recent review, we have argued for the value of employing translational neuroscience approaches for informing questions about the extent to which the timing of chronic stress exposures differentially affects brain development based on sensitive periods and the importance of such differences in informing intervention and prevention efforts early in life (Roos, Horn, Berkman, Pears, & Fisher, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute stress impairs children's sustained attention with increased vulnerability for children of mothers reporting higher parenting stress

Roos

Giuliano

Beauchamp

et al. 2019

Developmental Psychobiology

Self Cite

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Despite evidence that acute stress impairs attention in adults, there has been minimal research in children. Here, the effects of acute stress on Go/No-go performance were examined in young children (M age = 5.41 years). Given the critical role of the parent-child relationship to children's self-regulatory development, the extent to which parenting stress predicts children's cognitive vulnerability to acute stress and autonomic reactivity was also investigated. A between-groups design (n = 58 stress, n = 26 control) was used with oversampling of the stressor-exposed children to examine individual differences. The Parenting Stress Index and subscales were employed as a measure of parenting stress. Acute stress impaired children's sustained attention, but not inhibitory control. Higher parenting stress was associated with vulnerability to attentional impairment. Parenting distress was also positively associated with sympathetic reactivity to acute stress, but neither sympathetic nor parasympathetic reactivity was associated with attentional impairment. A conceptual model of pathways through which repetitive acute stress may contribute to self-regulatory difficulties is presented, including the potential buffering role of caregivers. K E Y W O R D Sacute stress, parenting stress, sustained attention | 533 ROOS et al.

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“…The Research Domain Criteria recognizes the complexity underlying the development of psychopathology; it advocates focusing on a hypothesized mechanism of change (e.g., cognitive, social) and attempting to create interventions to change that facet of the mental illness, then measure intervention success based on that facet (Bickman et al, 2016). The translational neuroscience method advises choosing a specific neurobiological outcome as a mechanism of change (Roos et al, 2018). The precision medicine approach advocates for a greater collection of data about participants, intervention effects, and potential mechanisms of action to inform intervention development and choose the correct intervention for each individual (Bickman et al, 2016).…”

Section: Possible Routes To Innovationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…factors that impact parenting (e.g., parental mental health) and an incorporation of innovative design approaches (e.g., Almirall & Chronis-Tuscano, 2016;Roos et al, 2018. ) Our results are the first to systematically examine the effects of group-based parenting programs on families with preschool aged children.…”

Section: Specific Recommendations Include Better Reporting Of Programmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Meta-Analysis of Group-Based Parenting Programs for Preschoolers: Exploring Moderation by Participants, Programs, and Time

Penner-Goeke¹,

Kaminski²,

Sulymka³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Group-based parenting programs have been implemented for over 50 years as a cost-effective way to promote child mental health and reduce behavior problems. However, some evidence suggests that their effects are limited and inconsistent. To inform next steps in program development, more systematic examinations about the overall efficacy of programs for both parenting and child outcomes in early childhood is needed as well as the program and family level factors that predict for whom programs work more or less well. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized-controlled-trials in preschool aged children over the past 20 years (2000 to 2020). Sixty-five articles evaluating group-based parenting programs for 3 to 5-year-old children were included (N = 7658). Meta-analytic results indicated that programs had small overall effects on improving parenting quality and child behaviours. Significant heterogeneity was present with parent-report of child behaviour outcomes linked to greater effect sizes compared to teacher or observer reports. Moderator analyses showed that higher parental education and children’s clinically significant disruptive behaviour problems were linked to greater improvements in parenting quality. There were also significant effects of publication year on child behaviour outcomes, suggesting that program effects have been improving over time. Other moderator analyses were not possible due to limited reporting of theorized factors (e.g., parent mental health). Overall, group-based programs are linked to improvements in parenting and child outcomes during the preschool age. Continued innovation in program development is recommended to increase efficacy and tailor service type and intensity to specific family needs.

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Leveraging translational neuroscience to inform early intervention and addiction prevention for children exposed to early life stress

Cited by 20 publications

References 107 publications

Development of Threat Expression Following Infant Maltreatment: Infant and Adult Enhancement but Adolescent Attenuation

Development of Threat Expression Following Infant Maltreatment: Infant and Adult Enhancement but Adolescent Attenuation

Acute stress impairs children's sustained attention with increased vulnerability for children of mothers reporting higher parenting stress

A Meta-Analysis of Group-Based Parenting Programs for Preschoolers: Exploring Moderation by Participants, Programs, and Time

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