“…In neuropsychiatric diseases such as Parkinson's disease, Lewy body dementia, and schizophrenia, dopamine is associated with cognitive impairment (Molloy et al, 2005;Iversen and Iversen, 2007;Poewe et al, 2010). In the cognitive domain, dopamine improves learning and memory formation (Knecht et al, 2004;Shohamy et al, 2005;Molina-Luna et al, 2009). The likely neurophysiological basis of these effects is its impact on neuroplasticity, namely long term-potentiation (LTP) and -depression (LTD), as shown by animal experimentation (Seamans and Yang, 2004;Calabresi et al, 2007;Kung et al, 2007) and in humans (Kuo et al, 2008;Lang et al, 2008a).…”