Lewis acid/base approach for efficacious defect passivation in perovskite solar cells

Wang, Shurong; Wang, Aili; Deng, Xiaoyu; Xie, Lisha; Xiao, Andong; Li, Chengbo; Xiang, Yong; Li, Tingshuai; Ding, Liming; Hao, Feng

doi:10.1039/d0ta03957h

Cited by 185 publications

(141 citation statements)

References 200 publications

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“…One of the promising approaches is to introduce passivation molecules as an additive into the perovskite materials in which those additive molecules act as electron acceptors or donors for the neutralization of the charged point defects. [ 24 ] Lewis acid molecules (such as phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC 60 BM)) accept electrons from negatively charged defects, [ 25 ] such as uncoordinated halide ions (e.g., I − ), [ 25,26 ] whereas Lewis base molecules (such as pyridine and thiophene) donate electrons to positively charged defects, such as uncoordinated lead ions (e.g., Pb 2+ ). [ 27–31 ] Although each of these cases demonstrates reasonable improvement in the performance of PeSCs, the application of Lewis acid or base molecules is capable of suppressing only the negatively or positively charged defects; thus the oppositely charged defects remain in the perovskite materials.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…uncoordinated halide ions (e.g., I − ), [25,26] whereas Lewis base molecules (such as pyridine and thiophene) donate electrons to positively charged defects, such as uncoordinated lead ions (e.g., Pb 2+ ). [27][28][29][30][31] Although each of these cases demonstrates reasonable improvement in the performance of PeSCs, the application of Lewis acid or base molecules is capable of suppressing only the negatively or positively charged defects; thus the oppositely charged defects remain in the perovskite materials.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Simultaneously Passivating Cation and Anion Defects in Metal Halide Perovskite Solar Cells Using a Zwitterionic Amino Acid Additive

Kim

Park

et al. 2020

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Ionic defects (e.g., organic cations and halide anions), preferably residing along grain boundaries (GBs) and on perovskite film surfaces, are known to be a major source of the notorious environmental instability of perovskite solar cells (PeSCs). Although passivating ionic defects is desirable, previous approaches using Lewis base or acid molecules as additives suppress only the negatively or positively charged defects, thus leaving oppositely charged defects. In this work, both the cationic and anionic defects inside methyl ammonium lead tri‐iodide (MAPbI3) are simultaneously passivated by introducing a zwitterionic form of the amino acid, L‐alanine, into the precursor solution as an additive. L‐alanine has both positive (NH3+) and negative (COO−) functional groups at a specific solvent pH, thereby passivating both the cation and anion defects in MAPbI3. The addition of L‐alanine increases the grain size of the perovskite crystals and lengthens the charge carrier lifetime (τ > 1 µs), leading to improved power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 20.3% (from 18.3% without an additive) for small‐area (4.64 mm2) devices and 15.6% (from 13.5%) for large‐area submodules (9.06 cm2). More importantly, the authors’ approach also significantly enhances the shelf storage and photoirradiation stabilities of PeSCs.

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Simultaneously Passivating Cation and Anion Defects in Metal Halide Perovskite Solar Cells Using a Zwitterionic Amino Acid Additive

Kim

Park

et al. 2020

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“…Organic-inorganic lead halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted extensive attention due to their high optical absorption coefficient, high carrier mobility, low exciton binding energy, films. [14][15][16][17] Therefore, the fabrication of high-quality perovskite films with large grain size, small GB density, and low defect density is critical to achieving efficient and stable PSCs. In the past, various strategies have been developed to improve the perovskite film quality, such as perovskite composition modulation, [18] precursor solvent, and antisolvent engineering, [19] deposition substrate modulation, [20] additive engineering, [21] etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trap State Passivation by Rational Ligand Molecule Engineering toward Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells Exceeding 23% Efficiency

Zhu

Zhang

et al. 2021

Advanced Energy Materials

241

220

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long carrier diffusion lengths, adjustable bandgaps, and low-cost fabrication. [1][2][3] Until now, the certified power conversion efficiency (PCE) has reached 25.5%, [4] making the PSC a promising candidate for the next-generation thin-film solar cells. [3,5] However, the presently obtained record PCE is still far from Shockley-Queisser limit efficiency. [6] In addition, the currently achieved stability is much lower below the standard of commercial application. It is well known that poor perovskite film quality is one of the main reasons for efficiency and stability losses. Consequently, it is highly expected to minimize the trap-assisted nonradiative recombination losses via improving perovskite film quality.The traditional solution method with fast crystallization and high-temperature annealing process would inevitably lead to a variety of defects in perovskite bulk and at the surfaces and grain boundaries (GBs). [7][8][9] Most defects in the bulk of perovskite films are shallow-level defects, while most defects at the surface and GBs of perovskite films are deep-level defects, which is detrimental to device performance through capturing carriers. [6,10,11] Moreover, these defects would provide pathways for ion migration, which results in efficiency and stability losses. [6,12,13] In addition, water and oxygen would preferentially attack the surface and GBs of perovskiteThe nonradiative recombination losses resulting from the trap states at the surface and grain boundaries directly hinder the further enhancement of power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability of perovskite solar cells. Consequently, it is highly desirable to suppress nonradiative recombination through modulating perovskite crystallization and passivating the defects of perovskite films. Here, a simple and effective multifunctional additive engineering strategy is reported where 11 Maleimidoundecanoic acid (11MA) units with carbonyls (carboxyl and amide) and long hydrophobic alkyl chain are incorporated into a perovskite precursor solution. It is revealed that improved crystallinity, reduced trap state density, and inhibited ion migration are achieved, which is ascribed to the strong coordination interaction between the carbonyl groups at both sides of 11MA molecules and Pb 2+ . As a result, improved efficiency and stability are achieved simultaneously after introducing 11MA additive. The device with 11MA additive delivers a champion PCE of 23.34% with negligible hysteresis, which is significantly higher than the 18.24% of the control device. The modified device maintains around 91% of its initial PCE after aging under ambient conditions for 3000 h. This work provides a guide for developing multifunctional additive molecules for the purpose of simultaneous improvement of efficiency and stability.

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“…[26] Till now, additive engineering, solvent engineering, component engineering, interface engineering, and dimension engineering have been developed to passivate the point defects, surface, and GBs defects. [27][28][29][30][31][32][33] For these reasons, many reviews on the defects of PSCs have been reported, however, most of them focus on summarizing different passivation methods, and do not specifically dissect complex defects; [34][35][36][37][38][39][40] also some reviews described the related mechanisms of defects restrainedly; [41][42][43][44][45][46] Although there are some reviews that satisfactorily explain the effect of defects on the performance of solar cells, the descriptions of the formation of defects are conservative. [47][48][49][50][51] Therefore, it is urgent to conduct an in-depth and systematic comparative analysis of the formation and impact of various defects, and then choose the appropriate passivation method reasonably.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin, Influence, and Countermeasures of Defects in Perovskite Solar Cells

Lei

Wang

et al. 2021

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Defects are considered to be one of the most significant factors that compromise the power conversion efficiencies and long‐term stability of perovskite solar cells. Therefore, it is urgent to have a profound understanding of their formation and influence mechanism, so as to take corresponding measures to suppress or even completely eliminate their adverse effects on device performance. Herein, the possible origins of the defects in metal halide perovskite films and their impacts on the device performance are analyzed, and then various methods to reduce defect density are introduced in detail. Starting from the internal and interfacial aspects of the metal halide perovskite films, several ways to improve device performance and long‐term stability including additive engineering, surface passivation, and other physical treatments (annealing engineering), etc., are further elaborated. Finally, the further understanding of defects and the development trend of passivation strategies are prospected.

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Lewis acid/base approach for efficacious defect passivation in perovskite solar cells

Abstract: The Lewis acid/base passivation strategy and its effects on energy level alignment, recombination kinetics, hysteresis behavior and operational stability for efficient perovskite solar cells are comprehensively reviewed.

Cited by 185 publications

References 200 publications

Simultaneously Passivating Cation and Anion Defects in Metal Halide Perovskite Solar Cells Using a Zwitterionic Amino Acid Additive

Simultaneously Passivating Cation and Anion Defects in Metal Halide Perovskite Solar Cells Using a Zwitterionic Amino Acid Additive

Trap State Passivation by Rational Ligand Molecule Engineering toward Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells Exceeding 23% Efficiency

Origin, Influence, and Countermeasures of Defects in Perovskite Solar Cells

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