The stereoselective synthesis of β-amino acids has attracted major attention among the synthetic community in recent years. This review provides an overview of the important advances in chiral β-amino acid synthesis over the past decade. It covers the development of enantioselective methods using transition metal complexes or organocatalysts, mainly including catalytic asymmetric hydrogenation, Mannich reaction, multicomponent reaction of diazo compounds, and conjugate addition. Besides, asymmetric synthesis of optically active β-amino acids from other approaches are also summarized.