Lexical affixes, incorporation, and conflation: the case of Coeur d'Alene

Bischoff, Shannon

doi:10.1111/j.1467-9582.2011.01177.x

Studia Linguistica

2011

DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9582.2011.01177.x

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Lexical affixes, incorporation, and conflation: the case of Coeur d'Alene

Shannon Bischoff

Abstract: This paper presents a formal account of lexical affixes in Coeur dÕAlene (Salish/Idaho USA). Lexical Affixes comprise a closed class of bound morphemes which productively add semantic content to the predicate in the Salishan family of languages, among others. It is argued that Lexical Affixes are arguments that incorporate syntactically (Baker 1988) along the lines of Harley (2004) who argues for a Conflation (Hale & Keyser 2002) analysis of compounding in English. Further, it is argued that a Conflation accou… Show more

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2020

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Cited by 2 publications

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Formal variation in incorporation: A typological study and a unified approach

Olthof

2020

Linguistics

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This study investigates the formal variation in elements involved in incorporation structures. Although it has traditionally been assumed that only stems can be incorporated, several languages also show incorporation of formally more complex elements. Most theoretical approaches to incorporation are, however, limited to incorporated stems and the few that do include more complex forms consider the incorporation of simple and complex elements separate processes. The present study, by contrast, recognizes the many shared characteristics between incorporation structures with simple and complex elements and adopts the approach to incorporation advocated in Functional Discourse Grammar, which proposes a unified account of incorporated simple stems, derived stems, inflected words, phrases and clauses. In addition, the study hypothesizes that these forms constitute an implicational hierarchy, i. e., that more complex incorporated elements only occur in languages that also allow the incorporation of all simpler forms. Results from a typological study of incorporated elements in a variety sample of 30 incorporating languages show that all forms except clauses are indeed found incorporated and that the hypothesized implicational pattern holds. The study thus demonstrates that the incorporation of simple and complex elements is interrelated, supporting a unified treatment of incorporated elements of different degrees of complexity.

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Formal variation in incorporation: A typological study and a unified approach

Olthof

2020

Linguistics

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Referentiality and modifiability of incorporated nouns

Olthof

2020

STUF - Language Typology and Universals

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This study investigates the pragmatic referentiality and semantic modifiability of incorporated nouns. While some researchers argue that incorporated nouns have a referential function, others claim that they are not used to refer. Similarly, some hold that incorporated nouns are modifiable, whereas other researchers maintain that they cannot be modified. In order to tease apart these conflicting views, the present study systematically investigates the cross- and intra-linguistic variation regarding the referentiality and modifiability of incorporated nouns. A pre-defined set of criteria for the identification of referentially vs. non-referentially used nouns and modifiable vs. non-modifiable nouns, taken from Functional Discourse Grammar, is applied to incorporated nouns in a sample of 21 languages. The results show variation between referentially used modifiable nouns, non-referentially used modifiable nouns and non-referentially used non-modifiable nouns, both across and within languages. In addition, referentially used modifiable incorporated nouns and non-referentially used non-modifiable incorporated nouns appear to occur independently of each other, such that the conflicting perspectives on the referentiality and modifiability of incorporated nouns may be related to differences between studies and theoretical approaches in the languages they focus on. Moreover, incorporated non-referentially used modifiable nouns are only found in languages that also show incorporated referentially used modifiable nouns, which suggests that two independent incorporation processes should be distinguished: the incorporation of modifiable nouns and the incorporation of non-modifiable nouns.

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Lexical affixes, incorporation, and conflation: the case of Coeur d'Alene

Cited by 2 publications

References 27 publications

Formal variation in incorporation: A typological study and a unified approach

Formal variation in incorporation: A typological study and a unified approach

Referentiality and modifiability of incorporated nouns

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