Lexical Meaning

Murphy, M. Lynne

doi:10.1017/cbo9780511780684

Cited by 162 publications

(57 citation statements)

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“…Similarity is by definition a symmetric notion (a is similar to b if and only if b is similar to a) and it can therefore naturally model symmetric semantic relations, such as synonymy and cohyponymy (Murphy, 2003). It is not clear, however, how this notion can also model hypernymy, which is asymmetric.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chasing Hypernyms in Vector Spaces with Entropy

Santus¹,

Lenci²,

Lu³

et al. 2014

Proceedings of the 14th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Volume 2: Short Pa

134

167

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In this paper, we introduce SLQS, a new entropy-based measure for the unsupervised identification of hypernymy and its directionality in Distributional Semantic Models (DSMs). SLQS is assessed through two tasks: (i.) identifying the hypernym in hyponym-hypernym pairs, and (ii.) discriminating hypernymy among various semantic relations. In both tasks, SLQS outperforms other state-of-the-art measures.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chasing Hypernyms in Vector Spaces with Entropy

Santus¹,

Lenci²,

Lu³

et al. 2014

Proceedings of the 14th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Volume 2: Short Pa

134

167

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As such, in this context both synonyms and antonyms are more probably learned through language than through experience. In accordance with this position, synonyms and at least some antonyms are said to not only define semantic relations, but also lexical relations, occurring together often in texts, and also being related by other aspects such as morphological form or collocational patterns (Murphy, 2010). In the case of semantic similarity, Crutch and associates Crutch & Warrington, 2005) considered that synonyms, similar to category coordinates, superordinates, or subordinates, reflect the categorical relations between concepts that are all based on this principle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The contributions of language and experience to the representation of abstract and concrete words: Different weights but similar organizations

Marques

Nunes

2012

Mem Cogn

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In the present studies, we evaluated the contributions of language and sensorimotor information to the representation of abstract and concrete words and the possibility that the organizations of the two types of concepts follow different organizational principles: association, for abstract concepts, and semantic similarity, for concrete concepts. In Study 1, we examined the two strongest associates of concrete and abstract words from published free association norms. Study 2 then extended this analysis to individual data collected with a free association task. Language associations were more important for abstract than for concrete words, but for sensorimotor information no differences were observed between the two types of concepts. Also, no clear evidence was found for different qualitative organizational principles for abstract and concrete concepts. Multiple representational systems thus seem to be engaged in the conceptual processing of abstract and concrete concepts, while it remains to be investigated whether their representations follow different organizational principles.Keywords Abstract . Concrete . Language . Sensorimotor information . Free associationIn recent years, a diverse set of models regarding conceptual knowledge have proposed that multiple representational systems are engaged in conceptual processing (Andrews, Vigliocco, & Vinson, 2009;Barsalou, Santos, Simmons, & Wilson, 2008;Dove, 2009Dove, , 2011Louwerse & Jeuniaux, 2008Simmons, Hamann, Harenski, Hu, & Barsalou, 2008;Steyvers, 2010). In particular, they have all considered that both more sensorimotor-based information and languagebased information play a role in conceptual representation, thus recapturing the ideas first proposed by Paivio (1971Paivio ( , 1986 in the context of the dual-code theory.This general perspective of the involvement of language and sensorimotor information in conceptual representation is particularly discussed regarding the processing and representation of abstract and concrete concepts. Again, these models agree on a general division of labor in the acquisition of these two types of concepts, with concrete concepts being largely learned through sensorimotor experience, and abstract concepts being largely learned through linguistic experience (Andrews et al., 2009;Crutch & Warrington, 2005;Dove, 2009Dove, , 2011Louwerse & Jeuniaux, 2010;Steyvers, 2010). The behavioral data supporting this proposal, however, are still recent and limited. Nevertheless, evidence from both neuropsychological (e.g., Breedin, Saffran, & Coslett, 1994;Crutch & Warrington, 2005;Warrington, 1981) and neuroimaging (e.g., Binder, 2007;Sabsevitz, Medler, Seidenberg, & Binder, 2005) studies converge to show that these two types of concepts differentially activate the brain areas involved in sensorimotor and language representation.Where the models clearly diverge is on whether this division should also entail different organizational principles in terms of conceptual representation. Most models have assumed that the difference betwee...

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“…Knight (2008) Creoles Hawaii Creole English, Roper Kriol † Stanwood (1997Stanwood ( , 1999, Nicholls (2009) gaps in coverage (in particular, there are few indigenous languages of the Americas, Africa, Central and South Asia), these studies justify a high degree of confidence that the proposed semantic primes have lexical (word-like) status in all or most languages of the world. This conclusion follows from two facts.…”

Section: Bunubamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2002, Wierzbicka (2008aWierzbicka ( , 2009. Textbook treatments can be found, inter alia, in: Allan (2001), Löbner (2002), Geeraerts (2010), Murphy (2010), Goddard (2011a).…”

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confidence: 99%

Semantic fieldwork and lexical universals

Goddard

Wierzbicka²

2014

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The main goal of paper is to show how NSM findings about lexical universals (semantic primes) can be applied to semantic analysis in little-described languages. It is argued that using lexical universals as a vocabulary for semantic analysis allows one to formulate meaning descriptions that are rigorous, cognitively authentic, maximally translatable, and free from Anglocentrism. A second goal is to shed light on methodological issues in semantic fieldwork by interrogating some controversial claims about the Dalabon and Pirahã languages. We argue that reductive paraphrase into lexical universals provides a practical procedure for arriving at coherent interpretations of unfamiliar lexical meanings. Other indigenous/endangered languages discussed include East Cree, Arrernte, Kayardild, Karuk, and Maori. We urge field linguists to take the NSM metalanguage, based on lexical universals, into the field with them, both as an aid to lexicogrammatical documentation and analysis and as a way to improve semantic communication with consultants.

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Lexical Meaning

Cited by 162 publications

References 0 publications

Chasing Hypernyms in Vector Spaces with Entropy

Chasing Hypernyms in Vector Spaces with Entropy

The contributions of language and experience to the representation of abstract and concrete words: Different weights but similar organizations

Semantic fieldwork and lexical universals

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