Lexical selection and phonological encoding during language production: Evidence for cascaded processing.

Peterson, R. R.; Savoy, Pamela

doi:10.1037/0278-7393.24.3.539

Cited by 262 publications

(335 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Other evidence indicates, however, that the amount of activation that spreads from concepts to phonological forms is limited, in line with the data of Levelt et al (1991) and Peterson and Savoy (1998). It is often assumed that pictures have direct access to concepts and only indirect access to word forms, whereas words have direct access to word forms and only indirect access to concepts (cf.…”

Section: Review Of Empirical Evidencementioning

confidence: 59%

Tracing attention and the activation flow in spoken word planning using eye movements.

Roelofs

2008

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cogni

127

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The flow of activation from concepts to phonological forms within the word production system was examined in 3 experiments. In Experiment 1, participants named pictures while ignoring superimposed distractor pictures that were semantically related, phonologically related, or unrelated. Eye movements and naming latencies were recorded. The distractor pictures affected the latencies of gaze shifting and vocal naming. The magnitude of the phonological effects increased linearly with latency, excluding lapses of attention as the cause of the effects. In Experiment 2, no distractor effects were obtained when both pictures were named. When pictures with superimposed distractor words were named or the words were read in Experiment 3, the words influenced the latencies of gaze shifting and picture naming, but the pictures yielded no such latency effects in word reading. The picture-word asymmetry was obtained even with equivalent reading and naming latencies. The picture-picture effects suggest that activation spreads continuously from concepts to phonological forms, whereas the picture-word asymmetry indicates that the amount of activation is limited and task dependent.

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Section: Review Of Empirical Evidencementioning

confidence: 59%

Tracing attention and the activation flow in spoken word planning using eye movements.

Roelofs

2008

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cogni

127

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“…Alternatively, the activation of a lemma may always lead to some activation of the corresponding word form, even when the form itself is not produced. This view is in line with lexical access models that assume cascading spread of activation (Dell, 1986(Dell, , 1988O'Seaghdha, 1991, 1992;Peterson and Savoy, 1998). Phonological activation of the noun's phonemes during pronoun generation is also assumed by strict serial stage models, according to which the form of a noun is only activated after the lemma has been selected (Levelt et al, 1991a,b, in press;Roelofs, 1992a,b;Roelofs et al, 1998).…”

Section: Is the Antecedent Phonologically Activated During Pronoun Gementioning

confidence: 69%

“…After the phonetic form has been computed, articulation can take place. Empirical evidence consistent with the existence of several levels of speech planning comes from speech-error data (Garrett, 1975(Garrett, , 1980(Garrett, , 1988Dell, 1986;Martin et al, 1996), picture-naming studies (for a review see Schriefers et al, 1990;Glaser, 1992;Levelt et al, 1991a,b, in press;Peterson and Savoy, 1998), and electrophysiological data (Van Turennout et al, 1997. Critical discussions of the notion of a separate syntactic (lemma) level are offered by Caramazza (1997) and La Heij (1995, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lexical access in the production of pronouns

1999

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Speakers can use pronouns when their conceptual referents are accessible from the preceding discourse, as in 'The flower is red. It turns blue'. Theories of language production agree that in order to produce a noun semantic, syntactic, and phonological information must be accessed. However, little is known about lexical access to pronouns. In this paper, we propose a model of pronoun access in German. Since the forms of German pronouns depend on the grammatical gender of the nouns they replace, the model claims that speakers must access the syntactic representation of the replaced noun (its lemma) to select a pronoun. In two experiments using the lexical decision during naming paradigm [Levelt, W.J.M., Schriefers, H., Vorberg, D., Meyer, A.S., Pechmann, T., Havinga, J., 1991a. The time course of lexical access in speech production: a study of picture naming. Psychological Review 98, 122-142], we investigated whether lemma access automatically entails the activation of the corresponding word form or whether a word form is only activated when the noun itself is produced, but not when it is replaced by a pronoun. Experiment 1 showed that during pronoun production the phonological form of the replaced noun is activated. Experiment 2 demonstrated that this phonological activation was not a residual of the use of the noun in the preceding sentence. Thus, when a pronoun is produced, the lemma and the phonological form of the replaced noun become reactivated.

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“…Various results have been cited in support of full cascading in spoken word production, including those obtained in psycholinguistic studies (e.g., Morsella & Miozzo, 2002;Navarrete & Costa, 2005;Peterson & Savoy, 1998;Vitevitch, 2002), from analyses of speech errors produced by normal speakers (Goldrick & Blumstein, 2006), or from studies of brain-damaged individuals with specific language impairments (Rapp & Goldrick, 2000). Furthermore, studies with bilinguals have shown that multiple words are simultaneously activated not only in the language in use but also in the other language (Colomé & Miozzo, 2009;Costa, Caramazza, & Sebastián-Gallés, 2000).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Activation cascading in sign production.

Navarrete

Peressotti

Lerose

et al. 2017

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cogni

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In this study, we investigated how activation unfolds in sign production by examining whether signs that are not produced have their representations activated by semantics (cascading of activation). Deaf signers were tested with a picture–picture interference task. Participants were presented with pairs of overlapping pictures and named the green picture (target) while ignoring the red picture (distractor). In Experiment 1 we varied whether target and distractor pictures had similar signs. Signs were produced faster with sign-related picture pairs compared to unrelated picture pairs. The facilitation observed with sign-related pairs replicates the 1 obtained in speaking with sound-related pairs (e.g., bed–bell), a finding cited in support of cascading of activation. In Experiments 2A and 2B we focused on sign iconicity, anticipating that cascading of activation would lead to a facilitatory effect of iconicity. Consistent with this prediction, picture distractors with iconic signs induced faster responses. Furthermore, in Experiment 3, facilitation was found for iconic signs in picture naming. Altogether, our results reveal that cascading of activation is a fundamental aspect of language processing that is at play not only in speaking, but also in signing. Our results also help to define which signs are activated in sign production.

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Lexical selection and phonological encoding during language production: Evidence for cascaded processing.

Cited by 262 publications

References 22 publications

Tracing attention and the activation flow in spoken word planning using eye movements.

Tracing attention and the activation flow in spoken word planning using eye movements.

Lexical access in the production of pronouns

Activation cascading in sign production.

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